Gorgoroth
Wordlist...below.....
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ADŪNAIC WORDLIST
In some cases no gloss can be given; Tolkien/Lowdham simply mentioned a word-form to illustrate some point regarding phonology or derivation, but did not gloss the word in question. Long vowels are marked by circumflexes; the main source (Lowdham's Report) uses macrons instead, but circumflexes are used in the narrative texts. Unless otherwise stated, the page numbers refer to Sauron Defeated. The digraphs th, ph, kh represent spirants (th as in think, ph = f and kh = German ach-Laut), while tth, kkh are aspirates (t + th, k + kh); pph, not exemplified, is similarly p + f (see SD:419). "Bases" are in capital letters. The earlier forms of Lowdham's "fragments" (SD:311-312), obsoleted by Tolkien's revisions, are excluded. So are a few other forms and names that do not seem to be valid at the point where Tolkien abandoned Adūnaic. A few obsolete forms are mentioned under the entry for the form that replaced them, but are not given separate entries. Concerning the names of the Nśmenórean kings, page references are given to Unfinished Tales rather than LotR Appendix A, since most copies of UT have a uniform pagination.
-a Subjective ending for plural Neuters (430)
abār "strength, endurance, fidelity" (431). Evidently related to bār "lord".
-ad, -ada "to, towards" (pronominal affixes) (429) Cf. Avalōiyada, akhāsada.
Adrahil masculine name (PM:439), replaced Agrahil.
adūn "west, westward" (247, 435)
Adūnāim *"Nśmenóreans", or perhaps rather *"Dśnedain" (426)
agan "death", personified Agān "Death" (426; masculine when personified, otherwise neuter). Cf. agannālo "death-shadow" (247)
Agathurush *"Fenland of Shadow" = Sindarin Gwathló (UT:263)
Aglahad masculine name (PM:440)
AK(A)LAB(A), (A)KALBA evidently modifications of KALAB, not translated (418).
Akallabźth "She-that-is-fallen" (312) (also hi-Akallabźth), name of the sunken Nśmenor.
akhāsada "into chasm" (247). (Incorporates -ada; hence *akhās "chasm"?)
Alkarondas "Castle of the Sea", name of Ar-Pharazōn's ship (PM:156, spelt Alcarondas in SD:385). Seems to have replaced Aglarrāma of the same meaning. Others take Alcarondas as being properly a Quenya form, translation of the actual Adūnaic name Aglarrāma - but neither name is easy to match with the translation (?) "Castle of the Sea".
Amatthāni "Land of Aman" (assimilated from Amān-thāni) (435)
ammī, ammź "mother" (434)
an adjectival prefix with genitival meaning, "of", often reduced to 'n: (435): Narīka 'nBāri 'nAdūn "The Eagles of the Lords of the West" (251), thāni anAmān, thāni n'Amān "Land of Aman" (435) (also Amatthāni).
-an Subjective ending for Common nouns (also -n) (430)
anā "homo, human being" (426, 434, fully inflected in 437); masculine anū "a male, man", feminine anī "a female" (434) (more technical words than naru, kali "man, woman"
.
Anadūnź "Westernesse, Nśmenor" (247, 426)
anadūni "western" (426, 435)
Ar-Abattarīk "Tar-Ardamin" (UT:222). Adūnaic *Abatta = Quenya Arda?
Ar-Adūnakhōr "Tar-Herunśmen", The Lord of the West (UT:222)
Ar-Balkumagān "Tar-Ciryatan", *"King Shipwright" (PM:151). Surprisingly, the name seems to incorporate the Objective of *balak "ship", though this should mean "builder of a (particular) ship", as the Objective has no plural form. Tar-Ciryatan "built a great fleet of royal ships" (UT:221), not just one. Cf. Gimilnitīr vs. Gimlu-nitīr; but for another example of a "plural" or numberless Objective see Nimruzīr. Did Tolkien reject the idea that the Objective is singular only?
Ar-Belzagar "Tar-Calmacil" (UT:222). The Quenya name seems to incorporate macil = "sword", Adūnaic *zagar? (This element would in any case be related to the verb azgarā- "wage war".) Much less probably, the Quenya name may contain calma "lamp" = Adūnaic *bel or *belza?
Ar-Gimilzōr "Tar-Telemnar" (UT:223). Telemnar may mean *"silver-flame", but the Adūnaic name seems to incorporate gimil "stars".
Ar-Inziladūn "Tar-Palantir". (UT:223) The Quenya name means "the Far-sighted", but Adūnaic Inziladūn means "Flower of the West" (UT:227).
Arminalźth = Quenya Armenelos, name of a city (PM:145).
Ar-Pharazōn "King Pharazōn, Tar-Calion" (435). From pharaz. Subjective Ar-Pharazōnun (247). Ar-Pharazōn kathuphazgānun "King Pharazōn the Conqueror" (429)
Ar-Sakalthōr "Tar-Falassion" (UT:223) The Quenya name seems to incorporate falassė "shore" = Adūnaic *sakal?
Ar-Zimraphel "Tar-Mķriel" (UT:224), see Zimraphel. Replaced Zimrahil, PM:155.
Ar-Zimrathōn "Tar-Hostamir" (UT:223). The Quenya name incorporates mir (mķrė) "jewel" = Adūnaic *zimra; cf. Zimraphel = Mķriel.
Āru "King", Āru n'Adūnāi "King of the Anadunians" (429)
ASAD ??? (421)
Asdi ??? Often pronounced azdi. A derivative of the base ASAD. (421)
-at dual ending (429)
ATLA ??? Also in the form TAL(A). (418)
attū, attō "father" (434)
Avalź "goddess, *Valiė" (428)
Avalōi "*the Valar, Powers" (305), Subjective pl. Avalōim (241); Avalōiyada "against Valar" (247), incorporating -ada.
Avallōni "*Avallónė" (241, 305)
Avradī "Varda" (428)
ayadda "went" (247)
azaggara "was warring", evidently a form of azgarā- (247 cf. 439)
azar "star" - so according to PM:372, but in Lowdham's Report the word for "star" is gimli, and azra (in SD:431 azar, later changed) means "sea".
azgarā- "wage war" (439), cf. azaggara and Ar-Belzagar.
azra "sea", fully inflected in 431. Objective azru- in Azrubźl (q.v.); Subjective pl. azrīya in 247; also in azra-zāin "sea-lands" (435).
Azrubźl "Sea-lover" (= Quenya Eärendil) (429, 305)
azūlada "eastward" (247), incorporating -ada.
bā "don't!" (250)
*balak "ship" (pl. balīk, q.v.), Objective balku- in Ar-Balkumagān, q.v. Cf. huzun "ear", pl. huzīn, Objective huznu (430).
balīk "ships" (247). Sg. *balak?
banāth "wife" (fully inflected in 437)
Bār "Lord" (428, fully inflected in 438), Subjective bārun in 429; Barīm an-Adūn " Lords of West", the Valar. (247) Here the Subjective plural is barīm; on p. 438 it is given as bārīm, that may be more correct.
batān "road, path", pl. batīna (247, fully inflected in 431; notice Note 16 on p. 435)
*bawāb "wind" (see bawība)
bawība "winds", Subjective pl. (247) Sg. *bawāb? (Cf. batān "road", pl. batīna.)
bźth "expression, saying, word" (but agental "sayer" as the final element in compounds, as in izindu-bźth). (427)
BITH "say" (416)
burōda "heavy" (247)
dāira "Earth" (247)
dāur "gloom" (earlier *daw'r) (423)
DAWAR *"gloom" (see dāur)
dolgu "night" (with evil connotations - contrast lōmi) (306)
dubdam "fell" (pl. verb) (247)
dulgī "black" (pl.) (247) Evidently from the same base as dolgu "night".
du-phursā "so as to gush" (247)
źphalak "far away"; źphal źphalak "far far away" (247)
Źru "the One", God (Quenya Eru); Źruvō "from Źru" (248, 249); Źruhīnim = Quenya Eruhķni, "the children of God" (247 cf. 249)
gimil "stars", an uninflected collective referring to the starry sky in general. (427) Gimilnitīr "Star-kindler" = Quenya Elentįri, title of Varda (428). Gimlu-nītir "kindler of a (particular) star", deliberate mistranslation of Elentįri to illustrate the point that the Objective is always singular (428).
Gimilkhād masculine name, seems to incorporate gimil "stars" (UT:223)
GIMLI ??? Variant forms and derivatives are listed in 425. 434 gives GIM'L, plus a derivative GAIMAL (434).
gimli "star", pl. gimlī (427). Fully inflected in 431.
hazad "seven" (247). Any connection with Khuzdul Khazād "Dwarves", given that the Dwarves were divided into Seven Houses? (427, 428 gives hazid.)
hi-Akallabźth "She-that-hath-fallen", Nśmenor. (247)
hikallaba "she fell down" (247)
huzun "ear", dual huznat "two ears" (428), fully inflected in 430, see also note 15 on 435.
Ībal masculine name (UT:194)
idō "now", evidently idōn when the next word begins in a vowel, cf. English a/an (247)
IGIML ??? Variant forms are and derivatives are listed in 422-423.
igmil "star-shaped figure", pl. igmīl (427)
-im Subjective plural ending for all other nouns than Neuters (430). Evidently in Adūnāim, Avalōim, q.v.
Imrahil masculine name (UT:246), identified as a Nśmenórean name in LotR Appendix E.
Imrazōr masculine name (UT:447)
-in Subjective ending for weak Feminines (430).
Indilzar "Elros" (PM:164)
inzil "Flower", isolated from Inziladūn "Flower of the West" (UT:227) and Rothinzil "Foam-flower"; cf. also the feminine name Inzilbźth ("Flower-sayer"???) mentioned in the Akallabźth.
izindi "straight" (247)
izindu-bźth "true-sayer, prophet" (427)
izrź (< izrźi < izrźyī) "sweetheart, beloved" (424, glossed and fully inflected in 438). From the base ZIR.
?IR "one, alone" (? = glottal stop) (432)
kadar "city"; kadar-lāi "city folk" (435)
kadō "and so" (247)
KALAB "fall" (416); kalab "fall down" (439)
kali "woman" (434)
kallaba "fell", a form of KALAB (429)
kan "hold" (439)
KARAB ??? (415) The base of karab?
karab "horse" (pl. karīb) (434). Masculine karbū "stallion" (434, 435), feminine karbī "mare" (434).
kātha "all" (247)
kathuphazgān "conqueror", Subjective kathuphazgānun (429). This word may seem to incorporate the objective of (a word related to) kātha "all" above. Is a "conqueror" perceived as *"one who subdues all/everything" or similar? The final element *phazgān unfortunately cannot be interpreted, but it may be an agental formation (same ending -ān as in Balkumagān *" Ship-maker"; here it apparently does not mark a past participle).
kźw, kźu ??? From the base KIW (424).
khāu, khō "crow", pl. kwāwi(m), khōi (426)
khibil "spring", fully inflected in 430.
Go to Ardalambion to learn more:
ADŪNAIC WORDLIST
In some cases no gloss can be given; Tolkien/Lowdham simply mentioned a word-form to illustrate some point regarding phonology or derivation, but did not gloss the word in question. Long vowels are marked by circumflexes; the main source (Lowdham's Report) uses macrons instead, but circumflexes are used in the narrative texts. Unless otherwise stated, the page numbers refer to Sauron Defeated. The digraphs th, ph, kh represent spirants (th as in think, ph = f and kh = German ach-Laut), while tth, kkh are aspirates (t + th, k + kh); pph, not exemplified, is similarly p + f (see SD:419). "Bases" are in capital letters. The earlier forms of Lowdham's "fragments" (SD:311-312), obsoleted by Tolkien's revisions, are excluded. So are a few other forms and names that do not seem to be valid at the point where Tolkien abandoned Adūnaic. A few obsolete forms are mentioned under the entry for the form that replaced them, but are not given separate entries. Concerning the names of the Nśmenórean kings, page references are given to Unfinished Tales rather than LotR Appendix A, since most copies of UT have a uniform pagination.
-a Subjective ending for plural Neuters (430)
abār "strength, endurance, fidelity" (431). Evidently related to bār "lord".
-ad, -ada "to, towards" (pronominal affixes) (429) Cf. Avalōiyada, akhāsada.
Adrahil masculine name (PM:439), replaced Agrahil.
adūn "west, westward" (247, 435)
Adūnāim *"Nśmenóreans", or perhaps rather *"Dśnedain" (426)
agan "death", personified Agān "Death" (426; masculine when personified, otherwise neuter). Cf. agannālo "death-shadow" (247)
Agathurush *"Fenland of Shadow" = Sindarin Gwathló (UT:263)
Aglahad masculine name (PM:440)
AK(A)LAB(A), (A)KALBA evidently modifications of KALAB, not translated (418).
Akallabźth "She-that-is-fallen" (312) (also hi-Akallabźth), name of the sunken Nśmenor.
akhāsada "into chasm" (247). (Incorporates -ada; hence *akhās "chasm"?)
Alkarondas "Castle of the Sea", name of Ar-Pharazōn's ship (PM:156, spelt Alcarondas in SD:385). Seems to have replaced Aglarrāma of the same meaning. Others take Alcarondas as being properly a Quenya form, translation of the actual Adūnaic name Aglarrāma - but neither name is easy to match with the translation (?) "Castle of the Sea".
Amatthāni "Land of Aman" (assimilated from Amān-thāni) (435)
ammī, ammź "mother" (434)
an adjectival prefix with genitival meaning, "of", often reduced to 'n: (435): Narīka 'nBāri 'nAdūn "The Eagles of the Lords of the West" (251), thāni anAmān, thāni n'Amān "Land of Aman" (435) (also Amatthāni).
-an Subjective ending for Common nouns (also -n) (430)
anā "homo, human being" (426, 434, fully inflected in 437); masculine anū "a male, man", feminine anī "a female" (434) (more technical words than naru, kali "man, woman"
.Anadūnź "Westernesse, Nśmenor" (247, 426)
anadūni "western" (426, 435)
Ar-Abattarīk "Tar-Ardamin" (UT:222). Adūnaic *Abatta = Quenya Arda?
Ar-Adūnakhōr "Tar-Herunśmen", The Lord of the West (UT:222)
Ar-Balkumagān "Tar-Ciryatan", *"King Shipwright" (PM:151). Surprisingly, the name seems to incorporate the Objective of *balak "ship", though this should mean "builder of a (particular) ship", as the Objective has no plural form. Tar-Ciryatan "built a great fleet of royal ships" (UT:221), not just one. Cf. Gimilnitīr vs. Gimlu-nitīr; but for another example of a "plural" or numberless Objective see Nimruzīr. Did Tolkien reject the idea that the Objective is singular only?
Ar-Belzagar "Tar-Calmacil" (UT:222). The Quenya name seems to incorporate macil = "sword", Adūnaic *zagar? (This element would in any case be related to the verb azgarā- "wage war".) Much less probably, the Quenya name may contain calma "lamp" = Adūnaic *bel or *belza?
Ar-Gimilzōr "Tar-Telemnar" (UT:223). Telemnar may mean *"silver-flame", but the Adūnaic name seems to incorporate gimil "stars".
Ar-Inziladūn "Tar-Palantir". (UT:223) The Quenya name means "the Far-sighted", but Adūnaic Inziladūn means "Flower of the West" (UT:227).
Arminalźth = Quenya Armenelos, name of a city (PM:145).
Ar-Pharazōn "King Pharazōn, Tar-Calion" (435). From pharaz. Subjective Ar-Pharazōnun (247). Ar-Pharazōn kathuphazgānun "King Pharazōn the Conqueror" (429)
Ar-Sakalthōr "Tar-Falassion" (UT:223) The Quenya name seems to incorporate falassė "shore" = Adūnaic *sakal?
Ar-Zimraphel "Tar-Mķriel" (UT:224), see Zimraphel. Replaced Zimrahil, PM:155.
Ar-Zimrathōn "Tar-Hostamir" (UT:223). The Quenya name incorporates mir (mķrė) "jewel" = Adūnaic *zimra; cf. Zimraphel = Mķriel.
Āru "King", Āru n'Adūnāi "King of the Anadunians" (429)
ASAD ??? (421)
Asdi ??? Often pronounced azdi. A derivative of the base ASAD. (421)
-at dual ending (429)
ATLA ??? Also in the form TAL(A). (418)
attū, attō "father" (434)
Avalź "goddess, *Valiė" (428)
Avalōi "*the Valar, Powers" (305), Subjective pl. Avalōim (241); Avalōiyada "against Valar" (247), incorporating -ada.
Avallōni "*Avallónė" (241, 305)
Avradī "Varda" (428)
ayadda "went" (247)
azaggara "was warring", evidently a form of azgarā- (247 cf. 439)
azar "star" - so according to PM:372, but in Lowdham's Report the word for "star" is gimli, and azra (in SD:431 azar, later changed) means "sea".
azgarā- "wage war" (439), cf. azaggara and Ar-Belzagar.
azra "sea", fully inflected in 431. Objective azru- in Azrubźl (q.v.); Subjective pl. azrīya in 247; also in azra-zāin "sea-lands" (435).
Azrubźl "Sea-lover" (= Quenya Eärendil) (429, 305)
azūlada "eastward" (247), incorporating -ada.
bā "don't!" (250)
*balak "ship" (pl. balīk, q.v.), Objective balku- in Ar-Balkumagān, q.v. Cf. huzun "ear", pl. huzīn, Objective huznu (430).
balīk "ships" (247). Sg. *balak?
banāth "wife" (fully inflected in 437)
Bār "Lord" (428, fully inflected in 438), Subjective bārun in 429; Barīm an-Adūn " Lords of West", the Valar. (247) Here the Subjective plural is barīm; on p. 438 it is given as bārīm, that may be more correct.
batān "road, path", pl. batīna (247, fully inflected in 431; notice Note 16 on p. 435)
*bawāb "wind" (see bawība)
bawība "winds", Subjective pl. (247) Sg. *bawāb? (Cf. batān "road", pl. batīna.)
bźth "expression, saying, word" (but agental "sayer" as the final element in compounds, as in izindu-bźth). (427)
BITH "say" (416)
burōda "heavy" (247)
dāira "Earth" (247)
dāur "gloom" (earlier *daw'r) (423)
DAWAR *"gloom" (see dāur)
dolgu "night" (with evil connotations - contrast lōmi) (306)
dubdam "fell" (pl. verb) (247)
dulgī "black" (pl.) (247) Evidently from the same base as dolgu "night".
du-phursā "so as to gush" (247)
źphalak "far away"; źphal źphalak "far far away" (247)
Źru "the One", God (Quenya Eru); Źruvō "from Źru" (248, 249); Źruhīnim = Quenya Eruhķni, "the children of God" (247 cf. 249)
gimil "stars", an uninflected collective referring to the starry sky in general. (427) Gimilnitīr "Star-kindler" = Quenya Elentįri, title of Varda (428). Gimlu-nītir "kindler of a (particular) star", deliberate mistranslation of Elentįri to illustrate the point that the Objective is always singular (428).
Gimilkhād masculine name, seems to incorporate gimil "stars" (UT:223)
GIMLI ??? Variant forms and derivatives are listed in 425. 434 gives GIM'L, plus a derivative GAIMAL (434).
gimli "star", pl. gimlī (427). Fully inflected in 431.
hazad "seven" (247). Any connection with Khuzdul Khazād "Dwarves", given that the Dwarves were divided into Seven Houses? (427, 428 gives hazid.)
hi-Akallabźth "She-that-hath-fallen", Nśmenor. (247)
hikallaba "she fell down" (247)
huzun "ear", dual huznat "two ears" (428), fully inflected in 430, see also note 15 on 435.
Ībal masculine name (UT:194)
idō "now", evidently idōn when the next word begins in a vowel, cf. English a/an (247)
IGIML ??? Variant forms are and derivatives are listed in 422-423.
igmil "star-shaped figure", pl. igmīl (427)
-im Subjective plural ending for all other nouns than Neuters (430). Evidently in Adūnāim, Avalōim, q.v.
Imrahil masculine name (UT:246), identified as a Nśmenórean name in LotR Appendix E.
Imrazōr masculine name (UT:447)
-in Subjective ending for weak Feminines (430).
Indilzar "Elros" (PM:164)
inzil "Flower", isolated from Inziladūn "Flower of the West" (UT:227) and Rothinzil "Foam-flower"; cf. also the feminine name Inzilbźth ("Flower-sayer"???) mentioned in the Akallabźth.
izindi "straight" (247)
izindu-bźth "true-sayer, prophet" (427)
izrź (< izrźi < izrźyī) "sweetheart, beloved" (424, glossed and fully inflected in 438). From the base ZIR.
?IR "one, alone" (? = glottal stop) (432)
kadar "city"; kadar-lāi "city folk" (435)
kadō "and so" (247)
KALAB "fall" (416); kalab "fall down" (439)
kali "woman" (434)
kallaba "fell", a form of KALAB (429)
kan "hold" (439)
KARAB ??? (415) The base of karab?
karab "horse" (pl. karīb) (434). Masculine karbū "stallion" (434, 435), feminine karbī "mare" (434).
kātha "all" (247)
kathuphazgān "conqueror", Subjective kathuphazgānun (429). This word may seem to incorporate the objective of (a word related to) kātha "all" above. Is a "conqueror" perceived as *"one who subdues all/everything" or similar? The final element *phazgān unfortunately cannot be interpreted, but it may be an agental formation (same ending -ān as in Balkumagān *" Ship-maker"; here it apparently does not mark a past participle).
kźw, kźu ??? From the base KIW (424).
khāu, khō "crow", pl. kwāwi(m), khōi (426)
khibil "spring", fully inflected in 430.