Well that's what I inferred from the description in the text:
"No!" the apprentice cried, dropping his defenses to strike one last time at the Imperials. Energy surged through him. He felt as though a star had blazed to life in his chest. Driven by concern for his friends rather than himself, he embraced the Force completely, utterly, and was rewarded with strength that made his efforts with the dark side look like those of a child. His nerves were on fire. Streamers of light radiated from his skin. His bones glowed like radiant lava.
He saw rather than felt the massive shock wave that consumed a large portion of what remained of the observation dome. A glowing bubble of fire tore the stormtroopers to shreds and engulfed Vader and the Emperor.
Yeah, of course he wasn't stalemating the full power of Sidious. Galen himself says it's a trick, and the Dark Side option shows us that Sidious is actually capable of defeating Galen with utter ease.
Eh, I disagree. The Emperor attacks Kota; Starkiller merely intercepts the attack. Even then, the Emperor never increases or changes the attack and allows 'Killer to approach him. And when all's said and done, he's immensely displeased 'Killer is dead.
I don't think he was actively trying to kill 'Killer even then.
Meh, he doesn't seem to be hurt at all by that explosion, and while the oneness surely seems to protect him from getting humiliated, I doubt Sidious was still going all out on him since he still had alternative motives, and Galen failed to hurt him even through the huge explosion.
(Ninja'd by Sinious) How do you know he doesn't increase the power of his attack? It's not like the brightness tends to change; it seems similar for when he attacks Yoda, and he doesn't increase it in RotJ when Vader turns on him.
Palpatine doesn't want Starkiller dead, but he also doesn't want the Rebels to escape. I see your implied point that he might find the former more important...
But why would going all out have to result in Galen's death? He doesn't kill Mace Windu outright with his lightning, and there's no indication he's holding back. Force users of that caliber are pretty durable.
Maybe it does explain why Sidious tanks the suicide blast so casually.
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Another staggering, painful step and the Emperor was within the apprentice's reach. With shaking fingers, he took the old man's bony shoulders in his hands and gripped them tight. The Sith lightning spread to engulf the two of them, fueled by both their desperations. The Emperor tipped back his head and howled in lascivious pain. Darkness threatened to envelop the apprentice's mind, but he clutched to consciousness with feverish will. He had to see this through. He had to.
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"You presume limits to our double standards. There are none." - Vitidiots
Whispered rumors have persisted of planets snuffed out through intricate Sith rituals or by way of deadly, arcane machines--such as the device Revan sought to employ on Yavin 4
From Star Wars: The Old Republic: Rise of the Sith Emperor: Codex Entry titled "Death of a World."
That machine had the power to eradicate all life on the planet. Suffering a backlash from a machine so powerful is going to kill most, IMO.
@Sinious/Beni: The Dark Side ending is non canon and inaccurate given canon events.
Because he had his defenses up. Galen did not as he had to lower them to put all his power into converting both his and Sidious's power into an explosion that would allow the Rogue Shadow to escape.