the "pull back" may very well just have been him tensing his head to aim, or for visual effect. imagine if he just stood there and shot the beams out; it would look much less cool just to get across a rather minor point.
the energy which is released through cyclops' eyes is referred to as "non-einsteinium," meaning from a dimension in which our physics do not necessarily apply. and, as the energy is rumored to be similar to photons, it simply slips out of his eyes uni-directionally at near-light speeds.
imagine, if you will, a gun firing. typically, if it were fired normally, there would be a kickback to the gun as the bullet escaped. however, cyclops' blasts are not likened to this. instead, imagine if the bullet simply came into existence, already being propelled, at the end of the barrel. the gun itself has, really, nothing to do with the release, and is essentially unaffected.