Would the Republic still consider the Jedi as traitors? By the time of the duel, Palpatine had already told everyone about the Jedi “conspiracy” against him, and Jedi had already lost a lot of popularity during the war to begin with. So do you think Jedi would have been still considered as outlaws? Or were the citizens not brainwashed enough at that point? Would they have allowed the Jedi to rebuild their order?
That's what the ROTS novelization pretty much told us. Yoda already lost before the duel even began and even before he was born thanks to the Banite Siths infiltration. Yoda would have still been killed by the clone army.
__________________ "Vader's pulse and breathing were machine-regulated, so they could not quicken; but something in his chest became more electric around his meetings with the Emperor; he could not say how. A feeling of fullness, of power, of dark and demon mastery -- of secret lusts, unrestrained passion, wild submission -- all these things were in Vader's heart as he neared his Emperor. These things and more."
yeah but with Sidious dead his influence over the Senate disappears I think; it wasn't just political maneuvering on Palpatines part it was dark side influence as well. The clones would still be on Order 66 but with the Chancellor dead the Senate could make them stand down.
Well, had Yoda defeated Sidious, then Anakin would've also most likely died on Mustafar, so the RoT would've been ended for good. However, I think the Jedi Order would have their hands full trying to convince the Senate that they're innocent. The next man up inside the Senate would've probably sent the Clones to hunt the Jedi or, at least, they would've been exiled from the Republic and considered enemies and criminals in most eyes. My guess is that Jedi would've tried to search for evidence of the plot against them, but would be unsuccessful.