hmm, protege would immediately duplicate fury's adaptive powers, thus, they'd both be counter-adapting to each others attacks, instantly - so most might lean towards a stalemate.
however, i personally view fury's power as more finite than protege's [as fury was all but powerless after his battle with MJJ.] that said, i'm going with protege.
__________________
"I am tired of Earth. These people.
I am tired of being caught in the tangle of their lives."
Gender: Male Location: somewhere within time & space
This is a good assessment of what is, and might happen.
Although my good friend Eny is being humorous,
this idea is quite plausible.
Most likely scenario imo.
A base Protege can not inflict the same damge that 616 MJJ can,
so Fury getting spent vs MJJ is not quite a good comparison imo.
Remember dear friends,
base Protege got owned by Post-Retcon Beyonder,
because Protege initially didn't see the attack,
it was only after Protege saw the next attack,
that Protege was able to stalemate Beyonder,
and indeed surpass him soon enough.
Imo, if Protege never gains other powers,
they'll be equals.
As for who has the greater endurance?
Hmm... Fury has ridiculous durability, surpassing that of Eternity,
and Protege was never hit hard by anything significant while at base level,
Beyonder only sneakily smacked em once and trapped em in some make-shift prison,
so, I really don't know what his form can stand while at base level.
about the durablity thing theres things that dont make sense
Fury can resist universe nulification yet Scatterbrain can dig her nails into it & Linda can rip out its spine ? (bet that woudnt work against Ultron )
I mean Fury shoud be like zillions of times harder then adamantium if it can resist universe-destroying power right? (unless Scatterbrain & Linda have universe-lvl strenght lol)