With full rest: The magnaguard offers very little challenge. Alpha offers a little but still loses pretty badly. Jango outs up an okay fight but loses. Durge puts up not to bad of a fight. Grievous outs up a pretty good fight but probably loses. Maul and Vader are pretty close to equal but Maul wins. If Vader somehow beats Maul (Like he did in the comics by putting his lightsaber through his own body and into maul's too) then Mace beats Vader for sure.
With no rest? Vader'll kill the magnaguard just as easily. Alpha'll be pretty much the same and there's only a 4% chance of Vader getting any injury from that battle. Depending on if he gets hurt by Alpha or not he may lose to Jango but it's doubtful. There's a 25% chance Jango injures him. Depending on how injured he is he might lose to Durge but I'd say there's a 70% chance he'll still win. By the time he reaches Grievous there's a 55% chance he'll be hurt and even if he isn't he will probably lose here. If he somehow beats Grievous he'll almost definately lose to Maul, but he;ll probably by at least injured and tired by this point anyway.
Yup, in one of the Obsession Comics. Anakin force pushes him into an escape pod and launches the pod into a sun.
I agree that vader can do this mut definately not with as much ease as Obi-Wan did. Obi-Wan's far stronger than Vader and also uses Soresu so I don't see how Vader'd take out Grievous more easily than Obi-Wan did.
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Maul had the advantage until Vader stabbed his own saber through his own cyborg body, damaging his own circuits and almost losing his own life.