Unable to find some of his father's executors, the charterless New Haven 'Colony' theocracy was forced into the larger Connecticut Colony in 1664 under political pressure from Charles II's England. Thus, New Haven 'Colony' and many other 'rogue' Puritan self-governing areas hiding regicides and without legal standing (for that is what they were) in the British Empire, were bundled into British chartered Connecticut Colony in 1664. However, instead of demoting New Haven power, it expanded it: the people there were still quite powerful since New Haven ('Colony') was made a 'co-capital' of Connecticut in 1701, a status it retained unbelievably until 1873--nearly 100 years into the United States.
"Pre-Yale" Yale College (1701-1718) was actually stated in Old Saybrook instead of New Haven. It only relocated to this co-capital of New Haven in 1716 as the original founders were looking for more funds, and after New Haven had been made co-capital. It was renamed Yale College in 1718, now in New Haven.
Elihu Yale was sired from the line established by his Grandmother Ann Lloyd. His grandmother was the second marriage of New Haven 'Colony' founder and merchant Governor Theophilus Eaton. Elaborated below, another one of her grandsons was Edward Hopkins, heading the Governorship of Connecticut Colony before its consolidation as well, right next door.
There were 12 founders or rather “re-founders” of the New Haven’s Collegiate School of Connecticut (1701-1718) that became known renamed as Yale College in 1718/19 only a few years after the pre-Yale move there in 1716. Elihu Yale (d. 1721) is the most well known of the twelve. This is of course because he was the namesake choice of the college after he and others pumped it with some more funding. However, Elihu Yale being the namesake has generated an unfortunate artificial mystique around his presumed predominance, when he was only one of several later funders, and was not one of original founders of "Yale" at Old Saybrook. Besides, first, in 1999, the American Heritage magazine rated Elihu Yale the "most overrated philanthropist" in American history, arguing that the college that would later bear his name (Yale College, 1718-1873, then Yale University in 1873-present) was successful largely because of the generosity of another man entirely, named Jeremiah Dummer, but that the trustees of the school did not wish themselves to be known by the name "Dummer College".
Second, the all important Dummer was the one who really coddled London-based Elihu Yale to support Cotton Mather’s New Haven appeal in 1718 for more funds.
Third, there was perhaps a bloodline pull through Elihu Yale’s lineal relationships to the same political elite of the colony he was working with, through his grandmother Ann Lloyd who married the co-founder and first governor of 'rogue' New Haven 'Colony,' the London merchant Theophilus Eaton. Plus, fourth, one of her daughters, Anne, married Edward Hopkins in 1631--who was later a governor of Colonial Connecticut as well. In 1640 this other grandson of Ann Lloyd, Edward Hopkins, was elected Governor of the (still unconsolidated) Connecticut Colony.
Thus the "Yale" family was the politial administrator of both the separate New Haven 'Colony' and Connecticut Colony governments, from 1640. Between 1640-1655, since a man could only serve a one-year term as governor consecutively at the time, to get around this, Edward Hopkins and John Haynes (Connecticut's first governor, elected 1639) would trade off as governor (save one term by George Wyllys), each serving as Deputy Governor to the other when not governor.
Hopkins survived an assassination attempt in 1646 by a Native American tribe because Connecticut protected the chief of their rival tribe; he advocated an even larger New England Confederation (under his family's aegis); and made quite a bit of crony money while Governor with a variety of business interests throughout Connecticut. Hopkins even left Connecticut and returned to England often during his (rotating) stint as Governor. There he became (what year? during the Puritan Protectorate, 1651-59?) a commissioner of the Royal Navy (later admiralty commissioner), oversaw the printing of the still 'rogue' New Haven Colony's first laws under the Protectorate in 1658, and even concurrently served in Protectorate's English Parliament there.
The "English" Protectorate was in some senses an international martial and commercial Puritan Empire. First, this is because it was under Cromwellian drives that the Navigation Act of 1651 was passed. It forced all British Empire shipping to be carried in English based shipping firms, and for all previously royal colonies to subsidize the tentative Puritan Protectorate of England, forcing all their purchases to come from the Protectorate in England. This was kept after the royal Restoration of Charles II in 1660, and, though obviously for the same type of empire rationales, it was started by the Puritans. Second, from 1649, under the Puritans, a permanent Naval Service only started to exist, when Charles I's Fleet Royal was captured and taken under Parliamentary control following the defeat of Charles I in the First English Civil War. This change of the Royal Navy to a Puritan Empire navy was carried out under 'General-at-Sea' (equivalent to Admiral) Robert Blake during Oliver Cromwell's Commonwealth, often referred to as the "Father of the Royal (then, Puritan) Navy." Robert Blake was appointed General at Sea (a rank corresponding to Admiral) in 1649. Blake was largely responsible for building the largest navy the country had then ever known, from a few tens of ships to well over a hundred. He was responsible for England being the first European state (perhaps in the world) to keep a fleet at sea over the winter, capable of attacking throughout the year. Blake was the first to repeatedly and successfully devise strategies to attack both other ships and land formations despite fire from shore batteries and forts. His "Sailing instructions" and "Fighting Instructions" were major overhauls of naval tactics, written in the first year of the Puritan Protectorate in 1653. They were foundational of all later British Empire 'royal' naval tactics. These Blake-developed novel naval war techniques to conduct blockades and landings helped to change sea power from a surrogate supporter of a seasonal land army campaign into a year round primary battle force of themselves as well. Third, it was under the English Civil War and later Puritan Protectorate that the Puritan created New Model Army was created (the original 'redcoats'), which after the First English Civil War, started invading everything from Scotland to Ireland in the Second English Civil War. The major 'political faction' of the Puritan Protectorate was only the political allegiance of the Puritan driven New Model Army, as Cromwell suspended the Parliament and ruled as dictator with his Puritanical army. The New Model Army like the Puritan Navy techniques were additionally kept after the 1660 Restoration. Fourth, the Protectorate-resident Governor of Connecticut, Edward Hopkins, and his desire for the New England Confederation was premised on the idea that the North American Puritan colonies as a group would aid in the English Puritan Empire's drives against the Dutch in the Anglo-Dutch Wars that started as a consequence of the state centralized religious economy ideals of the Puritan's Navigation Act of 1651. However, when predomiant Massachusetts Bay Company's colony refused to send troops across the Atlantic as Edward Hopkins wanted, to fight the Dutch, this North American branch of the Puritan Empire fell apart.
Hopkins was elected a final time as Governor of Connecticut Colony in 1655 in the midst of the "Puritan Empire's Protectorate" despite still being in England. It was an attempt by Connecticut residents to draw back their governor. He did not return, however, and the lieutenant governor Thomas Welles served out Hopkins' final term. Edward Hopkins died during the Protectorate in March 1657 in England. Among other things, he left 1000 pounds to found Hopkins School, 500 pounds to Harvard College, and to buy the land for Hopkinton, Massachusetts.
Another important founder of the original Collegiate School of Connecticut of Old Saybrook (that became Yale College in New Haven) was Rev. Nodiah Russell (Trustee 1701-13; Pastor, First Congregational Church, Middletown, Ct. ca. 1691-1716). Rev. Nodiah Russell is the direct lineal ancestor of later head of the Middletown Russells, Samuel Russell, drug running opium king and founder of Russell and Company in 1823 soon to be an international criminal drug trading organization. Samuel Russell's second cousin was William Huntington Russell, co-founder of Skull and Bones.
Fifth, another instrumental bloodline (we will see later) was Rev. James Pierpont, considered as one of the most celebrated of the “pre-Yale period” Collegiate School of Connecticut founders (Trustee, 1701-14). This was the close friend and neighbor of the regicide Dixwell. The Pierpont family line becomes important later in the opium drug trade consolidation, as does of course the other regicide protecting Russell family: “God and Opium at Yale” indeed.
Before and After Bones: The British East India Company’s Opium Trade
Before having Yale College named for his overrated self (see above), Elihu Yale was educated in the financial, political, and cultural primate city of the expanding British Empire, London. Well connected Yale worked within one of the many private “commercial monopolist-cum-territorial” branches of empire, the British East India Company (1600-1868). The BEIC was founded under renewable royal charter from Queen Elizabeth in 1600 and could be called “mercantile tax farming.” Like other companies chartered in this period and afterwards, it was similar to typical tax farming strategies, because it had a territorial allocation in which to work and it would be run privately through wealthy gentry as the state’s only representative. However a third aspect would be that these trading companies would be joint stock company run by board of governors owning shares in a collectivist monopoly, and that the British Empire both used these agencies for forced loans as well as taxed their private profits accrued from the trade granted under only royal or Parliamentary ‘rights of monopoly’ assigned to a particular quadrant of the globe. These mercantile tax farming monopoly organizations of the British Empire had at least ostensibly public military backup support for their private trading overseas, though the BEIC had authority to run its own mercenary army.
There were many ‘tax farming trade monopoly’ organizations that made up the formal structure of the British Empire, of which the BEIC was only one territorial designation. Each was assigned to a different territorial global area, if merchants were willing and could secure a monopoly charter for that area and “farm” it for the Crown (and for themselves). Other examples would be like the Muscovy Company, the London Virginia Company, the Royal African Company, or The South Sea Company, for example. Other European countries utilized these tax farming trade monopoly mechanisms as well, as noted in the Dutch East India Company, the French East India Company, or Swedish East India Company.
The British Empire was a corporate monopoly syndicate, run by financiers in the jurisdictionally independent City of London (not a part of British law, and with its own corporate city government to this day), and backed up by the Crown’s military. There were only private commercial branches then in the British Empire in the beginning. This included all of the private monopoly trading branches in North America which were both royal and Parliamentary corporate charters. Most people know these corporate charters by the territory they seized: the North American colonies. Actually these colonies were “subsidiaries” of companies like Virginia Company (1606) or the Massachusetts Bay Colony (1629), or the Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Company (1663), or the Hudson Bay Company (1670), or the Georgia Company (1732). These colonies and their like, if contiguously possible, were granted monopoly tax-trade farming of all land “from Sea to Sea”--all land between the Atlantic Ocean to Pacific in massive stripes across North America. Some disappeared, like the Plymouth Company, the New England Company, or the Dorchester Company. Some became U.S. federal states, many with the same corporate family leadership as before. Others are still somewhere in-between, like the Hudson Bay Company, where, even in the late 19th century when Canada was formed, the company's vast private fur trade corporate monopoly estate was continued, making it the largest private landowner in the Dominion of Canada. The Hudson Bay Company still exists to this day. One could feasibly say the same continuity occurs in all Atlantic corporate colonies, since their leadership as corporate dynasties is in all cases the same up and down the U.S. East Coast whether before or after the American Revolution. Some like Rhode Island and Providence Plantations kept their same restrictive corporatist elite chaters well into the 1840s, causing events like the Dorr Rebellion.
This corporatist director leadership continuity is definitely the case with the Bones families of three particular company-colonies.
Many of the families of Skull and Bones were corporate-colonial territory leaderships. They were increasingly involved in looking the other way in smuggling within the British Empire, and, after the American Revolution, involved in founding drug running dynasties in the “China trade” in opium.
The three corporate-colony sources of most of these original opium running dynasties were the top leadership of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, (and after 1823), the British-Puritan aristocratic lineages that settled the Connecticut Colony (1636-62; 1662-1780s), combined with the Calvinist theocrats they intermarried with from the New Haven Colony (1637-62). The latter two Connecticut leadership elite bloodlines that moved into the "China trade" in opium contraband are discussed in an above section. After 1833, all three colony-corporate leaderships were increasingly one larger inter-dynastic mélange of intermarriage--in Skull and Bones, Russell and Company, and the opium trade simultaneously, with some exceptions that prove the rule more than dissuade from it.
The exceptions that prove the rule were some notable separate opium runner lines like the Low family from the Colony of New York that were very long term Partners in Russell and Company, though the hyper-rich smuggler Lows were never invited into Skull and Bones. Others like the Delanos were the same: Partners in Russell and Co. opium smuggling, though never notable in Skull and Bones.
During the period in which opium was expanding though had yet to be turned into a formal BEIC company monopoly in 1773, Elihu Yale was the highly regarded governor of the BEIC’s Fort Saint George, in Madras from 1687-99. Only several years earlier before his appointment, a whole different territory "assigned" to the monopoly of the BEIC, from the British Empire's point of view, was freshly opened up for the BEIC. In 1684, the Emperor Kangxi of the recently consolidated Qing Dynasty of China started to allow foreigners to trade with China in four cities, including Canton. Elihu Yale retires from the BEIC in 1699 after making a fortune in this Madras Governorship position.
As Yale retired in 1699 to London, the British Empire and its BEIC “branch” was about to experience a boon from increasing military and financial monopoly control of distant territories worldwide. Elihu Yale retires just as the British finished dominating the Dutch in the first three Anglo-Dutch Wars (1652-1674) for global trade monopoly territories; soon afterwards to do the same to the French Empire worldwide up to and through the Seven Years' War which was really a nine year international war between France and England from the Indian Ocean to the North American Great Lakes for trade monopoly control; while the BEIC as a consequence of French removal, started playing an even larger monopoly part in world trade and territorial monopoly empire for the British and themselves through BEIC’s self-authorized “independent” Battle of Plassey in 1757 against the French and its effects in India, for instance, how the BEIC's 'separate wins' against the French were bundled into the settlements of the Seven Years' War; and, crucial to the story and how the BEIC held their vast monopoly trade together, opium was playing an increasingly required financial ‘glue’ as an accounting mechanism for linking and funding the whole operation. (Opium, Empire, and the Global Political Economy: A Study of the Asian Opium Trade, 1750-1950, by Carl A. Trocki [5]
In 1757, the same year as the BEIC's Battle of Plassey, the Emperor Qianlong decided it was better to limit foreigners to the port of Canton, and no other area.
Despite, after the 1750s, the corporatized monopoly run British Empire was globally unchallenged on the state level, it conducted endless British colonial wars against revolting domestic populations to maintain its monopoly trading frameworks, to become the largest empire and corporate syndicate (since the British Empire was a corporation) the world had yet ever seen. It additionally attempted to find novel ways to force open now shrunken trade access in China.
During this period, the British Empire, Inc. continued to build the BEIC drug trades as part of its global imperial policy of both foreign worker docility on monopoly plantations globally on the one hand, as well as using the drug as a weapon to intentionally destroy a society’s finances and resistance toward further British Empire expansion--particularly in China. (Forces of Habit: Drugs and the Making of the Modern World)
Opium was much more profitable than any other commodity, and it was increasingly required if the British wished to expand their trade with China. Only with the expansion of the opium drug trade--and particularly through the novel “smoking habit” of mixing tobacco with opium (madak) a habit acquired from the European sailors spreading around China--could the balance of payments for the BEIC be increasingly tipped to its favor instead of China’s favor.
Opium in China was still legal when Elihu Yale was trading in it to China. Opium was only made illegal in China by edict of the Emperor Yongzheng (r. 1722-35) in 1729. Then--and ONLY then when it was made illegal--did the real money and greed in the BEIC start to roll. Opium’s illegality now attracted monopoly scale profits and avidly led to organized criminal consolidation of the opium trade in response by the BEIC, and soon, American family dynastic partners in crime. In 1757, the Emperor Qianlong further attempted to reduce foreign trade after the opium ban, now limiting foreigners to only Canton.
BEIC opium monopoly, Sudder Factory, Patna, India, circa 1851; Approximately 300,000 balls of opium in this one room, staffed by 450 state workers, valued at £900,000 British Pounds Sterling (1850s monetary values), to be smuggled as contraband drugs into China.
Soon after the British Empire's unparalleled global hegemony against other states in the 1750s, though with the notable exception of increasingly curtailed Chinese access, the BEIC came to make the criminal venture of opium drug running into China one of its most important corporate monopolies, in 1773. By 1773, the BEIC formally had taken over and consolidated Indian opium in a (corporate) state monopoly under itself, massively selling nearly a thousand tons of opium paste contraband into China yearly. Soon a clique of “Tory” Americans were to start drug running with their British brethren for themselves, and the expansion of opium increased exponentially.
However, before this, during the period of the British North American corporate colonies, because of the Navigation Act of 1651, “Americans” (only one area of British colonials) "were not permitted to sail their own ships to the Orient." They were required as British subjects to buy all their Chinese goods first in London, which basically meant subsidizing the private state granted monopoly of the British East India Company. However, American smugglers, many of them prominent merchants and/or high political leaders of the British North American colonies themselves were hiring Caribbean based pirates to get tea and Chinese merchandise, on the sly, from the Dutch and others. “Blackbeard”--pirate moniker of “Edward Teach” (actual name, probably Edward Drummond)--was good friends with North Carolina Governor Charles Eden; other pirates were “in the employ” of the ex-Dutch and now British Colony of New York. North American colonial elites, both merchant and political (many were one in the same because all colonies were corporations) have been highly linked to international organized crime and the drug trades since the beginnings of the country--whether in the Virginia Company’s tobacco trade without which its Virginia venture would have gone bankrupt; or the Massachusetts Bay Company’s elites' rum distillery trades and later their opium trades; Rhode Island and Plymouth Plantations' elites' slave trades; New Haven Colony and Connecticut Colony’s elites' later opium trades; or the New York Colony’s leadership dealings with pirates. Smuggling and contraband was big business. Nothing was more American than organized crime and flouting the British Navigation Acts. Perkins and Co. and Russell and Co. families only cornered a much more comparatively lucrative commodity version of it, around opium.
After the American colonial revolution, the Navigation Act of 1651 failed to apply to the “ex-British” in the recently coined American state. Therefore, traders began to embark more overtly now to China instead of being required to go through London or being “required” to be British smugglers. However, increasingly they were required to be Chinese smugglers and required to aid British smugglers since they were adopting the same tact as the BEIC: prime the “China trade” with criminal profits of opium drug running, gain a fortune, and then money launder it at home.
Riding this expanding wave of historically unheard of drug profits though only after the American Revolutionary war was over and only because China had placed a lucrative prohibition on the trade, American merchant dynasties, many of which were endemic smugglers anyway during their colonial period took what they had learned in their “smugglers kindergarten” of their British colonial experience and started applying it to getting rich quickly and illegally via international smuggling of opium into China. They returned with a cargo of more “innocent” and innocuous wares for domestic use.
The return trip’s “innocent cargo” of items belied that the bedrock run to China involved participating in a secretive and highly criminal Turkish opium trade which involved smuggling, experience with financial gymnastics of well-run money laundering, and a high degree of criminal network trust to avoid being caught. Skull and Bones soon helped to institutionalize all three requirements.
Demise of Slaving in 1808, then Demise of Unsustainable Ginseng and Otter/Seal Fur Trades (~1800-1820s) Drives U.S. Smugglers to Opium
The first US ship in the China Trade (as opposed to the “China trade” which will mean, in quotes, the contraband opium trade euphemism) was the Boston sloop Harriet; it had traded innocuous healthful American ginseng for Chinese tea. Chinese traditional medicine was addicted to ginseng as much as Europeans were addicted to sugar-tea. It was a nice match. The Harriet didn't get all they way to China, because it surreptitiously met the Chinese tea goods it wanted to buy halfway off the Cape of Good Hope in another vessel, and quickly returned to Boston.
One of the first American ships especially designed for the China trade was called the Empress of China, constructed in 1784 by Philadelphia's gray eminence Robert Morris, known as the “Financier (Pirate War Profiteer) of the Revolution.” Morris’s operation was huge.
Morris is additionally introduced here an important example to keep in mind: how his relatively small scale private power is leveraged through formal institutional enhancement and formal protection, effectively creating state organized crime. Morris can demonstrate in a thumbnail sketch the pattern Perkins and Co. and Russell and Co. were to follow. If Morris can do the following, just how much more collective power is the scale of criminal endeavor in opium fortunes of Russell and Company which can have their ways within (or above) a government on a many times more grand, more criminal, though equally crony scale?
Morris was a gunrunner, pirate, privateer, and war profiteer “patriot” for the American Revolution. Interestingly, before the Amerian Colonial Revolution started, already by 1775 the Continental Congress was contracting and totally depending upon Morris's one company to import its arms and ammunition. Morris was Chairman of the Secret Committee where he devised a system to smuggle war supplies from France a year before Independence was even declared in 1776. He provided the first ship for the Continental Navy--one of his own. Plus, Morris used his extensive international trading network as a spy network and gathered intelligence on British troop movements which influenced the course of several battles. In a unanimous vote, Congress appointed Morris to be Superintendent of Finance of the United States during the Revolutionary War from 1781 to 1784. Even though he had this position, the position really had him: he personally subsidized his very close friend General George Washington’s army to keep it together instead of mutinying; he funded and organized the logistics for the “trips” of numerous General Washington escapes and retreats from the British. He took out further loans from friends and risked his personal credit by issuing notes on his own signature to purchase military supplies. During his tenure as Superintendent, Morris was assisted by his friend and assistant Gouverneur Morris (supposedly, no direct relation). Morris's use of his personal credit strained his own fortune. Philosophically looking at the American Revolution as a merchant, weighing financial pros and cons of his activities during the war, Morris later claimed that although he lost over 150 ships during the war, he had been making quite a bit of profit since he came out of it "about even." Morris founded several canal companies, a steam engine company, and launched a hot air balloon. He had the first iron rolling mill in America. He purchased essentially all of Western New York. His son Thomas was sent in to settle a peace with the Iroquois Six Nations, who had sided with the British during the Revolution. Then when that was successful, his father Morris sold most of the vast tract of Iroquois land out from under them to the Holland Land Company. Morris was the financial kingmaker who recommended to his close friend Washington that his banker buddy Alexander Hamilton should be the first Secretary of the Treasury when President Washington and the Congress really wanted to appoint Morris instead. In 1794 he began construction of a mansion on Chestnut Street in Philadelphia, designed by Masonic architect Pierre Charles L'Enfant. Morris was later heavily involved in unsuccessful land speculations, investing in buying up a huge portion of the recently platted federal capital of District of Columbia, and purchasing over 6,000,000 acres (24,000 km²) in the rural south. An expected loan from Holland never materialized because Napoleon invaded Holland. The Napoleonic Wars ruined the market for American lands and Morris's highly leveraged financial, commercial, and real estate empire collapsed. He attempted to flee from creditors by playing an adult version of permanent hide and seek by disappearing into his voluminous country estate on the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia, though he was found, arrested, and imprisoned for debt. Next, Congress passed the Bankruptcy Laws, of the early 1800s, in part, to get Morris out of prison.
In other words, Morris was big, and this was the way America operated long before Russell and Company were to ramp up the stakes toward more than political economic hegemony--toward the power to conduct social engineering of culture through education and to foist prohibition laws, wars, and empire on the Republic of the United States from the Civil War onward to redesign it into a much more centrally administered society and government. (All U.S. wars since and including the Civil War have been war profiteering vehicles for Brown Brothers (later Brown Brothers Harriman) international merchant bank, since Brown Brothers have been handed a near monopoly of war profiteering contracts by a staff of wartime commissioners over and over--who always happen to be Bonesmen giving them the contracts, since 1861. Bonesmen are additionally are packed into Brown Brothers banking administration from the same period.
Morris’s specially-made Empress of China set sail towards China on his good friend Washington's birthday, February 22, 1784. It took healthy American ginseng and brought back Chinese teas, spices, silks, porcelains and other general innocent small scale domestic luxuries and household goods. There was a consumer interest in the products. A good profit was made and the China trade was off and running. Soon in addition to American ginseng, seal furs, incredibly soft sea otter furs, and sandalwood were used to trade with the Chinese.
Only weeks after Morris’s Empress of China leaves U.S. port, German John Jacob Astor arrives in the United States in March 1784, just after the end of the American Revolutionary War. He is the founder of the American Astor family fortune as well as Fort Astoria, the first U.S. (corporate) settlement on the Pacific Ocean in 1811. Astor copied to the letter Robert Morris’s trade items--though added illicit opium trading to his monopolistic practices in the fur trade, founding the American Fur Company monopoly in 1808 and its associate company the Pacific Fur Company in 1810. The companies grew to monopolize the total fur trade in the United States--sort of in the same manner that Perkins and Co. were consolidating opium, and became one of the largest businesses in the country. Astor contributed to a huge population crash of seals and otters that never recovered. Astor increasingly ‘padded’ the fur trade to China with drug running opium. At the time of his death in the 1840s, thanks to opium as much as fur monopolies, Astor was the wealthiest person in the United States. He was additionally considered the U.S's first millionaire by the late 1810s.
Though no one named Astor ever became a member of highly inbred Skull and Bones, Bonesmen were positioned to be in charge of his “Bones external” opium related fortune and educational benefices after his death in 1848, to keep everything in “the family.”
1. Little, Robbins (S&B, 1851); Superintendent, 1878-96, The Astor Library (NYC); Examiner of Claims, 1873-78, War Dept.; Instructor, 1865-69, International Law, US Naval Academy
2.Cochran, Thomas (S&B, 1894); VP Astor Trust Co., NYC; Member, JP Morgan and Co.; Pres, Liberty National Bank, NY; Director of many various corporations; Trustee of numerous companies and railroads
U.S. merchants--particularly Astor--quickly destroyed any sustainable use of resources within a mere decade in the only items that the Chinese wanted. As Astor contributed so much to the depletion (perhaps permanently decimated is the better term) of legal resources for the China Trade by the sheer scale of his cutthroat operations, to maintain a China trade in ‘something,’ a novel barter item was required in lieu of hard currency silver the self-sufficient Chinese demanded—-of which the fledgling US had little.
By the late 1790's like the BEIC, Americans turned to smuggling opium in the “China trade”--to pad the China Trade.
Smyrna in the Ottoman Empire (Izmer/Izmir, in present-day Turkey) was a major source for opium “on the way” to China. It began to become a port of call for "China-trading" Americans looking for that special ‘something’ in lieu of Chinese demands for silver or nothing in trade.
well, what did your story about Opium prove but that the Skull and Bones is just a little club for the social elite, of which some may have shipped Opium....
Even if it is true, a Single Nation for the whole World would be a benefit, security, prosperity, (and a good movie/show/game)and advances in Research.
But it won't happen, people will Rebel, and the Armys won't stop them, and might even help with it, why? Because the Army isn't souless robots, there would be a Coup, and this big plan would be gone
Gender: Male Location: The sewers of the Big City!
Have you been to boot camp?
Are you aware soldiers in their training are infact brainwashed, the amount of strees in boot camp is what enables a soldier to kill a man. but, you wouldn't know anything about facts.
How many people were aware of the north american union, despite having a news report on CNN?
a poster by the name of BLOODCLAT brought this great point up sometime back in the old days before we had the conspiracy forum about Bush he went on to say-why are americans so naive about their own government? George Bushs grandfather was FACT a nazi.IBM was FATC the company behind calculations as to the life expectancy and workload of slaves.this info was sold to nazi germany for use in the holocaust.These arwent new problems they've been around for hundreds of years.skull and bones exists,you can find official documentation about it everywhere.Bush admits to being a member,it was founded at yale university where he was educated.I dare you put skull and bones in google and read!!!!
Everyone knows about Skull & Bones, it's not that secret, they take Powerful Familys into their Organization, hence why most end up in Politics, Journalism, etc etc, the family.
Bush's Grandfather wasn't a Nazi, he traded with them
IBM...? Not a clue what that sentence said
A reporter interviewed a Skull and Bones member who said that the Fraternity wasn't really as Mysterious/Interesting when you got into it, it has little signifigance, just a Rich Kid's Club
KMC Community Forums
Aug 11th, 2006 04:07 AM
