Jkozzy> (Coughs) Ahem. The Greeks developed the idea of a smallest particle (atom means "not divisible"😉. And then, of course, where there was NO particle, there would be “nothing”.
Then with Newton there as debates about particles OR waves.
It was a question of what could EXPLAIN what was seen or observed by the scientists. With the revolutions in chemistry heralded by Antoine Lavoisier in the late 18th century things began to pick up.
Gradually, as scientist began to learn more, and perform new experiments, old theories were ditched, as newer and better ones were thought of. But you must understand, that at any ONE point, the theories used, COULD explain what was perceived, seen and observed.
In 1850 the russian Dmitri Mendeleyev starts a periodic table for the KNOWN elements.
Many theories today are EXTENSIONS of earlier ones. Such as Einsteins Special theory of Relativity is an extension of Newton’s mechanics, the General Theory is an extension of Newtons work on Gravity.
The quark-model is an extension of early works on particle-physics and atomic models.
And heavier elements WERE thought to exist. We just didn’t have the means to CREATE them artificially in the 1930’s.
We're at a point in our scientific evolution, where we have a good understanding of the Universe and the human body. Because we can not only describe how it works. We can also make PREDICTIONS. We have microscopes and CAT-scans and all kinds of technologies, that WOULD have found discrepancies between theory and reality by now – if, say, your eyes don’t perceive light as mine do.
This is not were the scientific mysteries are today. So there won’t BE a breakthrough that completely changes our past knowledge. It will EXTEND what we already know. If what we know is wrong, medicine for example wouldn’t work.
And again: IF there was fifth dimension we could interact with, we’d see energy and matter vanish into it and come from it. We don’t.
If we cannot interact with this fifth dimension, we don’t have to worry about it at all.
What you must understand is, that science isn’t just a bunch of theories, thought up by geeky scientists. Theories must stand the test of experimentation over and over and over again. It may be, that a new theory comes around, that not only explains “this”, but also relates it to something else. Then it’s an extension. But the former theory STILL works for “this”. Just as you don’t have to get out Einstein to describe how a car turns a corner. Newtons mechanics is enough for that.