Anglo-Saxon = Translated Rohirric

Started by MC John 1171 pages

Anglo-Saxon = Translated Rohirric

In the LotR, Tolkien used Anglo-Saxon or Old English to translate his Rohirric. Here, I try to give a Name/Wordlist of many of the Anglo-Saxon elements in writings by Tolkien.

Anglo-Saxon/Old English Wordlist/Lexicon:
Æbbe = ?
Æfic = ?
Ægel = ?
Ægelbryht = ?
Ægelnaþ = ?
Ælfa, Ælf, Aelf, Alf = “Elf, (White), (Swan)”, from Latin alba and Greek alphos
Ælfgar, Ælfger, Algar, Alger = “Elf-spear”
Ælfgifu = “Elf-gift”
Ælfhâm = “Elf-home”
Ælfheah = “Elf-(?)”
Ælfhérë, Ælfherë = “Elf-army”
Ælfhild = “Elf-(?)”
Ælfland = “Elf-land”
Ælfred = “Elf-counsel”, obviously forming Alfred in English
Ælfric = “Elf-ruler”, becoming Alfric in English
Ælfsig = “Elf-victory”
Ælfwine = “Elf-friend”; corresponding to the Elendil, (more properly Eldandil), becoming Alfwine, Alwin, (Alvin), or Elwin in English
Ælfnoþ = “Elf-daring” (?)
Ælfnoth = “Elf-bold”
Ælle = ?
Æsc = A cognate to the Scandinavian Askr, (“Ash”), who was the first Man with his wife Embla, both made by the Gods out of two trees they found on the seashore (Völúspa strophe 17; Snorra Edda, Gylfaginning §8)
Æscley = “Ash-wood, Ash-lee”, notably becoming the name Ashley in English
Æschérë, Æscherë = “Elf-army”, meaning the same as Ælfhérë, Ælfherë above
Æscwig = “Elf-war”, or “Elf-idol” (?)
Æþelbryht = “Nobel-bright”
Æþeldryht = “Nobel-war (band)”
Æþelferþ = “Nobel-soul”
Æþelfriþ = “Nobel-peace”
Æþelgar = “Noble-spear”
Æþelhérë, Æþelherë, Æþelhere = “Nobel-army”
Æþelm = Possibly “Noble”, (?)
Æþelmære = “Noble-horse”
Æþelnoþ = “Nobel-daring” (?)
Æþelred = “Nobel-advice”
Æþelric = “Nobel-ruler”
Æþelstan = “Nobel-stone”
Æþelþryþ = “Nobel-strength”
Æþelwærd = “Nobel-protector”
Æþelwald = “Nobel-ruler”, or “Moble-wood(s)”
Æþelwine = “Nobel-friend”
Æþelwulf = “Nobel-wolf”
Alchfrid = Possibly “?-peace”
Aldburg = “Old-fortress” (?)
Aldferþ = “Old-soul”
Aldfrid = “Old-peace”
Aldhelm = “Old-protector”
Aldor = “Old-?” (?)
Alduini = “Old-?” (?)
Aldwulf = “Old-wolf”
Alric = “All-ruler” (?)
Andhun = ?
Anglagifu = “Angla-gift”
Anglahâm = “Angla-home”
Anglaland = “Angla-land”, or “England”
Anglaþéod, Anglathéod = “Angla-folk”, or “Angla-land”
Angolcynn, Angelcynn = “Anglo-folk”
Anlaf = “One-legacy” (?)
Anna = ?
Anwynd = “One-wind”, or “One-path”, or “One-winding” (???)
Ashley = “Ash-wood”, a modernization of O-E. Æscley
Audrey = “Noble-strength”
Bachsecg = “?-sea” (?)
Bældæg = “Bold-Day”, or “Funeral-fire-Day” (??)
Bagg = “Money-bag, Pack, Bundle”
Baggins = “Afternoon tea, (a) substantial snack between Meals” or from the above “(Person of) Money-bag(s)/Rich(es)”
Baldor = ?
Bardingas = “Sons (of) Bard”
Bardlingas = “Bardlings, Folk (of) Bard”
Beaduheard = “Battle-hard(ened)”
Beanstan = “Bean-stone” (?)
Beda = “Prayer”
Béma = “Corresponding to the Elvish Oromë”
Beocca = ?
Beonoc = ?
Beorg = “Grove, Barrow”
Beorht = “(the) Bright, Bright (One)”
Beorhtfriþ = “Bright-peace”
Beorhtnoþ bright boldness
Beorhtric bright ruler
Beorhtsige bright victory Beorhtulf bright wulf
Beorhtwald bright ruler or bright woods
Beorn = “Bear”, later changed to mean also “Warrior”; no doubt it was a cognate of Old Norse björn “Bear”
Beorngar = “Bear-spear”, or “Warrior-spear”
Beornhelm = “Bear-protection”, or “Warrior-protection”
Beorningas = “Sons (of) Beorn”
Beornlingas = “Folk (of) Beorn”
Beornmod = “Bear-soul”, or “Warrior-soul”
Beornræd = “Bear-advice”, or “Warrior-advice”
Beornwulf, Beornulf = “Bear-wolf”, or “Warrior-wolf”
Beow = “Bow”
Beowulf = Possibly meaning “Bee-wolf”, or “Bow-wulf”
Berðun = ?
Bertwald = ?
Bilbo = “Short Sword, Rapier”, from Portuguese Balboa, the name of a famous city that made brilliant swords
Blake = “Black”
Blanca = “Horse (White)”, from Old Norse Blakkr
Botulf = “Reward-wolf”
Bottle = “Dwelling, Town”
Bradley = “Broad-wood”
Brand = “Sword”
Brecca, Breca = ?
Bree = “Hill”
Brego = “Leader” (?)
Bregowine = “Leader(s)-friend” (?)
Breoca = ?
Brithonin = ?
Brytta = ?
Bucca = “Stag, Ram”
Burg = “(Mound), Fortress, (Stockaded House), Protected, (Protector)”
Burgræd = “Fortress-advice” (?)
Byrhþelm = “Bright-?” (?)
Byrhtnoþ = “Bright-daring” (?)
Byrhtwold = “Bright-wood” (?)
Cadda = ?
Cælin = “Small-boat” (?)
Cearl, Ceorl = “Churl, Fellow, Friend”
Cefi = ?
Celm = ?
Cenbryht = “Torch-bright”
Cenferþ = “Torch-soul”
Cenfus = ?
Cenfred, Cenred = “Torch-advice”
Centwine = “?-friend” (?)
Cenwalh = ?
Ceola = Possibly “Ship” (?)
Ceolferþ = “?-soul” (?)
Ceolmund = ?
Ceolnoþ = “Daring-ship” (?)
Ceolred = “Ship-advised” (?)
Ceolric = “Ship-ruler” (?)
Ceolwald = “Ship-ruler” (?)
Ceolwulf = “Ship-wolf” (?)
Chet = “Wood”
Cnebba = “Child” (?)
Coenred Coenwalh
Coomb, Combe = “Bay, Wall” (?)
Cryda = ?
Cuichelm = ?
Cuþberht = “Known-bright”
Cuþburg = “Known-protector”
Cuþfred, Cuþred = “Known-advice”
Cuþwine = “Known-friend”
Cuþwulf = “Known-wolf”
Cwén = “Woman”, or “Wife”, (better yet, “Queen”)
Cwichelm = “?-protector” (?)
Cyne = “King(ly)” (?)
Cynebald = “Kingly-bold” (?)
Cynefrid = “Kingly-peace” (?)
Cyneheard = “Kingly-protector” (?)
Cyneric = “Kingly-ruler” (?)
Cynewold = “Kingly-ruler” (?)
Cynewulf = “Kingly-wolf” (?)
Dæghræfn = “Day-rave” (?)
Déagol = Combination of Nordic elements and the Anglo-Saxon words dial, dygel, meaning “Secret, (Hiding Away)”
Delf, Delving = “Delve, Delving(s), Excavation(s)”
Den, pl. Denum, Deniga = “Dane”, pl. “Danes”
Denulf = “?-wolf” (?)
Déor, Deor = ?
Déorwine = “Déor-friend”
Dial = “Secret”
Draco, Drak, Drake = “Drake, Dragon”
Dunna = ?
Dúnhere = ?
Dweorh, Dwarrow, pl. Dwarrows, Dwerrows = “Dwarf, Dwarfs/(Dwarves)”
Dweorhdelf, Dwarrowdelf, Dwerrowdelf = “Dwarf-delving(s)”
Dygal = “Secret, Hiding Away”
Éadgifu = “Blessed(ness)/Rich-gift”
Éadhâm, Èaðâm = “Blessed(ness)/Rich-home”
Éadig = Possibly an alternative form of Éadgifu
Éadland = “Blessed(ness)/Rich-land”
Éadweard, Éadward, Édward, Edward, Edouard = Edward, “Blessed(ness)/Rich-(?)”
Éadwine = “Blessed(ness)/Rich-friend”
East-Den, pl. East-Denum = “East Dane”, pl. “East Danes”
Ednew = ?
Edoras = “the Courts” (?)
Elfwine = Alternative form of Ælfwine
Elfhild = Alternative form of Ælhild
Englaland, England = “England”
Engle, English, adj. Englisc = “(the) English”, for the adj. “English (as a language)”
Eoh, Éo- = “Horse”
Éo-hérë, Éo-herë = “Horse-army”
Éomarc = “Horse-mark”
Éomer = “Horse-(?)”
Éomund = “Horse-(?)”
Eorl = ?
Eorlingas = “Eorl-lings, Eorl-folk”
Eoten = “Giant(s), Ent(s)”
Éoþéod, Éothéod = “Horse-folk, Horse-land”
Éowyn = “Horse-joy”
Erkenbrand = ?
Faëry = “Elf” (?)
Fafnir = ?
Fastred = ?
Felaróf = ?
Fengel = ?
Feorthing = “Farthing, Fourth-part, Quarter”
Folca = ?
Folcwine = “Folc(a)-friend” (?)
Forde = “Ford”
Fram = ?
Fréa = ?
Fréaláf = ?
Frëawine = “Fréa-friend” (?)
Freca = ?
Froda, Frodo = “Wise”, from the Norse Frothi, “Wise One”

Gálmód = “Sour-natured”
Gamgee = “Game, Jest, Joke”
Gamling = ?
Gamwich = “Game-village”
Gandælf, Gandalf = “Wand-elf, Elf (with a) Wand”
Gard, Geard = “Fortress” (?)
Garsecg = “(the) Great Sea”
Glæmscrafu = “Glittering Caves”, (in source has ^ above æ)
Gerefa = “Guard”
Gléo = “Joy” (?)
Gléowine = “Joy-friend”
Goblin = “(an) evil spirit”
Goldwine = “Gold-friend” (?)
Gram = ?
Grendel = ?
Grim = “Fierce”
Gríma = “Mask(ed)”
Grimbeorn = “Fierce-beorn, Fierce-bear” (?)
Grimbold = “Fierce-bold, Fierce (and) Bold” (?)
Gúth = “Battle(s)/War(s)”
Gúthburg = “Battle-fortress, Fortress (of) Battle(s)/War(s)”
Guthláf, Gúthláf = “Battle-?”
Gúthwinë, Gúthwine = “Battle-friend, Friend (of) Battle”
Guiðlin = ?
Guthlàf = ?
Hægwudu, hæg-wudu = “Enclosed Wood”
Háma = ?
Hām-fæst, Hámfoest, Hamfast = “Home-fast, (Stay-at-home)”
Hasen = ?
Heden = ?
Heligoland = ?
Helm = “Helm”, or “Protector” (?)
Hengest, Hengist = “Horse, (Stallion)”
Heorrenda = “Half-elven” (?)
Herefara = ?
Hild = ?
Hildeson = ?
Hob = “(a) benevolent spirit”
Hobgoblin = “(a) benevolent and evil spirit”
Holbytla = “Hole-dweller, Hole-builder, (Hobbit)”
Holdwine = “Hold-friend” (?)
Hollow = “Hole, Hollow”, from Old German hohl
Hornburg = “Horn-fortress, Fortress (of the) Horn” (?)
Horsa = “Horse”
Hroðgar, Hrothgar = ?
Ielfacwén = “Swan-woman”
Ielfethýþ = “Swan-haven”
Ing = ?
Ingwaiwar = “the sons of Ing” (?)
Ingwine = “Ing-friend”, or “the friends of Ing”
Íras, adj. Írasc = “the Irish”, “Irish as a language”
Isen = “Iron”
Isengeard, Isengard = “Iron-fortress” (?)
Isenmouthe = “Iron-mouth”
Isenóra = “Iron-shore”
Léod, Leod = “Chieftain” (?)
Liþ = ?
Máthm, Mathom = “Treasure” (?)
Mearh, Méara, Meara, Mæra, pl. Méaras, Mearas = A name for “Horse(s)”
Meduselde, Meduseld = “Golden Hall” (?) (A great hall in Beowulf)
Micel, Michel, Mickel = “Great”
Micelgeard, Mickelyard = “the Great Town, Rome, the Heartless Town”, containing O.-E. michel, mic(k)el “Great” + geard “Fortress(?)”
Mouthe = “Mouth”
Mundburg = ?
Myrige = “Merry, Jolly, Gay, Pleasant”
Orcnea, pl. Orcneas = “Demon-corpse(s), Goblin zombie(s)”
Orcpyr, pl. Orcpyrs = “Demon-giant(s), Goblin giant(s)”
Ornacea, pl. Ornaceas = “Walking-corpse(s)” (?)
Ósgifu = “God-gift, God-send”
Óshâm = “God-home”
Óswine = “God-friend”
Ósland = “God-land”
Ottor = ?
Oxen = “Oxen, Ox”
Oxenaforde, Oxenaford = “Oxford”
Peregrin = “Pelegrin, Pilgrim”
Peregrine = “(a) small hunting falcon”
Puck, Pucka, Puka, Púcel, Púkel = “Goblin”
Samwís, Samwise = “Half-wise, Simple”
Saromann, Saroman, Saruman = “Man (of) Pain”
Scatha = ?
Sceadufæx = “Shadowfax”
Scir = “Shire, County”
Scir-gerefa = “Shire-guard, Sheriff”
Searomann, Searoman, Searuman, Saruman = “Main (of) Skill”
Shaw, pl. Shaws = “Wood(s)”
Simbelmynë = “Evermind”
Smaug = “Squeezed through (a) hole, Subtle, Crafty”, see below
Sméagol = A mix of Nordic and O.-E. words, with the Anglo-Saxon words smeagan, smial, smile, smeogan, smugan, smygel, meaning “Burrow(ing), Worming In, (to) inquire into, (to) creep through, Subtle, Crafty”, (seen also in Smaug), all words from Prehistoric German verb smugan
Smial, Smile = “Burrow”
Smygel = “Burrowing, Worming In”
Sweord, Sweorde = “Sword”

Þengel, Thengel = ?
Þéoden, Théoden = “King, Prince” (?)
Þéodred, Théodred = ?
Þéodwyn, Théodwyn = “King(’s) Joy”
Ton = “Town”
Þunnor = Þórr, Þorr, Þor, Thor, (the same as below)
Tíw = An Anglo-Saxon rendering of the Old Norse name Týr
Tún = “Town”
Wæfre = “Wandering”, or “Restless”, (æ has a left-facing accent in the source)
Walda = ?
Warwíc = Warwick, corresponding to Welsh Caergwâr
Wéalas, adj. Wéalisc = “Wales, Welsh”
Wendelsæ = “the Mediterranean (Sea)”
Wer, pl. Weras = “Man, pl. Men”
Whitfoot = “White-foot”
Wich = “Dwelling, Town”
Wight = “Creature, Animal, Person, Thing”
Wihte = From Old Norse vigr, neutral vigt, meaning “Warlike, Fit-for-War”
Wóden = Óðinn, (see Tíw)
Wudu-wása = “Wildman of the Woods, Wood-wose”
Wulf = “Wolf”
Wyrm, Wyrme = “Worm (Dragon), Snake, Serpent, (a) twisting turning creature”
Rûm = “Rome”
Yeard, Yard = “Fortress(?), Town” (alternative version of geard, gard)
Ythlingas = “Ýð-lings, Ýð-people”, (Old English ýð “wave”)

So ends what I have as yet. I may add to it in the future.

The "Þ" letter is "th" - you're right. We study things like that in English 😛

Boop.

Re: Anglo-Saxon = Translated Rohirric

droolio droolio

The list is brilliant 😱

Originally posted by MC John 117
= ?

Æfic = a male name, no idea bout the meaning
Ægelbryht = ?-bright?
Baldor = 'Bold one'
Berðun = common male name, maybe from bert/beraht/beorht 'bright' or 'famous'
Bertwald = same as above
Brytta = 'the giver' or 'the contributor'
Ceolmund = 'mund' is 'guard', ceol... dunno, but occurs often
Cuichelm = ?-protection
Déor, Deor = 'the wild'
Dúnhere = 'warrior'
Ednew -- I dont remember, but it was translated in one of the books... wasnt that someone's nickname?
Eorl = 'noble one'
Erkenbrand = 'noble torch'
Faëry -- isnt that elfland?
Fafnir -- name of the dragon in Norse mythology, no idea what it means
Fastred = 'firm counsel'
Felaróf = 'very strong one'
Fengel = 'powerful' or 'gripping one'
Folca = 'folk-like'
Fram = 'valiant one'
Fréa = 'lord'
Fréaláf = 'lord of the rest' 😛
Freca = 'warrior'

Tanks.

Here are some great Anglo-Saxon related sites:
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/7595/plattoew.htm
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Academy/4506/glossary.html
http://www.ku.edu/kansas/uk-med/anglo-saxons.html
http://www.ealdriht.org/names/Englishnames.htm
http://www.kami.demon.co.uk/gesithas/readings/readings.html

For the third one down, go down the page until you see "Modern English-Old English Dictionary", or something of the like.