Hmm....
It ends with Cage eventually grabbing T'Challa, lifting him up and breaking him over his knee, Knightfall Style. But T'Challa would put up a hell of a fight first. Think you vs your pet kitty--kitty can race up and down your face and disfigure you, but in the end you can just sit on it and its ribs would break.
No, Cap's shield is an ultra-powerful alloy of Vibranium. Vibranium absorbs any impact no matter how strong. That's why Cap can duck behind his shield and take hits from guys like Ultron without so much as bruising his arm. T'Challa's bodysuit is coated with a thin layer of Vibranium. However, his pure Vibranium isn't as strong as Cap's composite--thus, some impact does get through, albeit reduced.
The Panther's claws, on the other hand, are made of anti-metal. These break down any metal material they strike. They wouldn't be of much use against Luke Cage, who has no metal objects of importance, and neither T'Challa or his weaponry are strong enough to do more than scratch Cage's skin anyway.