What Is A Lie?
Deception includes the range of means whereby people may be mislead. The most evident of these is lying. But it also includes withholding information which the person might find of immediate significance, as well as misleading the person into some alternative belief, or reinforcing such a belief. Then there are the more marginal forms of deception, such as evasion, euphemism and exaggeration; and the often unconscious forms of deception (without intention to mislead), such as the subtle changes of subject, the disguises, the gestures leading astray, and silence and inaction.
A common temptation is to define a lie as a statement that isn’ t true. But things are more complicated than this. Telling stories or jokes is not lying, even when falsehoods are involved, at least when the audience knows them for what they are. The same holds for exaggerations that are readily seen to be such.
The importance of someone' s intentions has been long recognised by philosophers. St. Augustine argued that “a person is to be judged as lying or not lying according to the intention in his own mind, not according to the truth or falsity of the statement.”
What is a lie?