Aliies
Art-type-person-thingy...
In my opinion, the Venator would concentrate the majority of it's fire upon the Carrier; if its crew are aware of the fact that the Vultures (interceptors) are AI controlled by the carrier.
The lack of particle shielding on the Venator would cause it to suffer incalculable damage to the outer hull, even internal damage if the scouts concentrate their fire.
In a likely battle, the Carrier would be crippled intensely if not destroyed with quite the number of scouts downed...
The Vennator would have little chance of survival as all Protoss vessels... heck even their infantry have outstanding plasma shielding!
My vote is all upon the Protoss for a minor victory (heavy casualties but enemy destroyed or completely incapacitated) even with the Venator caught on a lucky day!
I also think that Acrosurge's last point is invaluable in this discussion, adept fighter deployment would be the deciding factor in this bout, the protoss are masters of Interceptor combat and the scouts are already deployed and extremely menuverable 🙂
"En Tauro Adun, Brave sons of Auir..." Judicator Aldaris, shortly before the destruction of the first Zerg Overmind.