I see Superman, Sentry, Silver Surfer, Doomsday*, and Darkseid stopping him. The first four could utilize their speed to either avoid the attack or put Black Bolt down before he started screaming. And assuming that we are talking about the "real" Darksied and not an avatar then the Omega Beams should be able to easily put down BB.
*(with the assumption that Doomsday will use his superman/JLA matching speed in the fight.)
Apocalypse and Magneto could potentially pose a problem but given the speed at which Black Bolt can call forth his attack and the destructive capacity thereof, I see him winning more often than not against these two.
The Hulk and Juggernaut to simply too one sided to win a single victory. All Black Bolt has to do is fly a few dozen feet in the air and he if virtually protected against any of their attacks. A full on scream should be enough to K.O. the Hulk especially given the fact that he would lack sufficient time to become enraged enough to pose a difficult opponent. Juggy has a proven problem with sonics (although BB's powers are not really sonic in nature they seem to have some sonic aspect) and given his limited mobility he could at best force a draw.
Keep in mind that his scream has caused cosmic beings to take notice so anyone that isn't fast enough to avoid it or stop the attack before it happens is in a real danger of being killed or at least K.O.'ed fairly quickly.