Lucien, Spartan life was revolved around war and duty to Sparta. A samurai was devoted to protecting his lord and a life of philosophy. As I stated, both were world class fighters. Spartans were taught to ignore pain and fight to the death. Samurai killed themselves if they were defeated.
Samurai did not believe in shields. They believed hiding behind a shield was dishonorable. They were wrong. The smart warrior has to be better equipped and if a Spartan and Samurai faced each other, that big 40 lbs bronze would deflect most attacks. The Yumi Bow wouldn't penetrate nor the Katana. Then the Spartan slams that shield into the Samurai's helmet stunning him. That huge Spartan spear stabs the Samurai in the throat. It has been proven that leather armor can stop bronze and steel from penetrating, so the weak point in below the helmet.
I'm not a Spartan fanboy . . . I admire both the Spartan and Samurai for their creeds, beliefs and what they stood for. But simply speaking, the Spartan is the best soldier. Period. At West Point, studying Thermopyle is required course material. The Special Forces have a program known as the "Spartan Training Program" and my friend in the Rangers described it as a "second death."
All the evidence I typed came from the National Geographical Channel and they are smarter than all of us because most have a Ph D in something so I will not dispute their expertise.