Blasting Galactus from his ship and tumbling across the moon, to me at least, shown an increase in firepower. Granted we have no way to measure such things. Yet, if we take Odin to be in the relative ballpark of Galactus, and Thanos couldn't budge Odin. Then, looking at what he did to Galactus seems to speak towards in increase.
What he did to the Maker is another example. Thanos is rarely ever KO'd yet the Maker KO'd him with one shot. That speaks towards her power and backs up the on cannon words describing her. Yes of course it wasn't the TRUE beyonder in all his glory. Not even close. However, she was made to be a threat and powerful in her own right. Thanos didn't just mind rape her.. He exchanged blasts with her, defeated her, then mind raped her into shutting down.
His battle with DP Tyrant... A battle he went looking for simply for the challenge. We all know what Tyrant did to those high heralds with ease. We all know how his battle went against Galactus. People will say that battle was PIS, but it wasn't, it matched up with everything all characters said. Tyrant was a huge threat and powerful. Thanos tangled with him and knocked him down and stalemated him for a time in a wrestling match. Granted Tyrant was above him and he thus had to leave. However, bare in mind he didn't use his shields or really fight smart in general. Yet, he was right there. In a battle with King Thor or Odin on KMC he would.
Him being allowed to appear at the cosmic counsel speaks towards his powers and place so to speak. Can't quantify anything by that. However, to me it shows the respect and powers higher up feels he had. Shoot even odin commented on his powers being much like hjs in a way.
Those to me are the indications of his increases in power since the Odin fight.