Originally posted by Q99
A Padawan is (with rare exception like Anakin), someone who's picked as having had enough training to go out with a Knight to get hands-on training and go into the field to see the Knight in action. Kanan went straight into the war when Depa selected him. Ahsoka... well, we saw her first mission.Younglings get saber training (remember the kids with Yoda?) before becoming padawan. Heck, Obi-wan first got Qui-gon's attention due to his performance in saber sparing with another padawan.
So a starting padawan has the basics, but not the intensive one-on-one training of a Knight or any experience. They're the equivalent of a soldier out of boot camp. They can use their weaponry and throw a punch, but it's pretty rough.
This is the traditional way a padawan goes through the ranks, if they are brought in at a young enough age, however, there are exceptions(and not just a few) to this, such as: Anakin, Luke, the first class of Luke's NJO etc. and many of them turned out to be powerful, competent Jedi Masters. You can still become exceptional without extensive traditional training. On the other hand, you have some masters seemingly unable to block 3 blaster bolts.