Even if you think there is cause for punishing China. Do you think there is much desire in most countries to punish them? And what exactly could be done to punish them that wouldn't have significant consequences for the countries that do the "punishing" as well?
I guess from my POV, leaving aside that I don't think it is sensible to think of it as reasonable to blame China for the outbreak, there's not really much that could be done, the idea of cancelling debt unilaterally seems unlikely, for one China would retaliate, and other countries would likely see it more as a failing of the country cancelling the debt to keep it's contracts.
Additionally there has already been a trade war between the US and China, with at best mixed results. Certainly no clear win for either side, imo.