To the question from OP:
Will nature destroy humanity or will humanity outsmart nature and survive?
I'm of the opinion that humanity has already done this twice, now.
Near-modern hominid species dwindled into just mere tens of thousands (total across all hominid species) about 1 million years ago: a point of near extinction.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/early-human-population-size-genetic-diversity/
And again about 70,000 years ago during the Toba super-volcano eruption which dropped our early human population down to almost nothing:
From the above, I've read articles that suggested humans were down to fewer than 200 humans and we simply made babies, did lots of incest stuff, and here we are today with over 7 billion humans.
Also, due to our technology, I do not think we will ever be wiped out unless we wipe ourselves out. Meaning, no, nature will not kill us. If we do all die, it will be due to something we have done to ourselves.