No we don't, unless faking a british or aussie accent. I would say the equivalent is 'dude' or 'bro', sometimes 'man', as they are most widely used, it usually depends on what part of America you're from. Some of the more gangsta, as we say, americans say dawg as sumone said above, homie or nigga(regardless of race, everyone says it now). Hope that helps.
Here in Australia, "Mate" is probably one of the most down to earth ways to address a friend or having a casual conversation with a stranger.
I mean if someone started referring to me as, "Dude, Bro, Dawg, Homie or Nigga" & I didn't know them, I'd automatically think they're a wanker (douchebag).
It's beyond my perception how Americans can be racist to a black person & THEN take up their slang, thinking it's cool.