The Origins
The first recorded Christmas cards were sent in 1611 by a German physician, Michael Maier, to James I of England. However, the first commercial Christmas cards were sent 200 years later.
Civil servant, Sir Henry Cole, had the idea for a commercial card and commissioned his artist friend, John Horsley, to design it. Together, they are credited with the invention of the modern Christmas card in 1843. Around 1,000 were sold at a cost of a shilling each.
Christmas Cards and the USA
Louis Prang, a German immigrant with a print shop near Boston, is credited with creating the first Christmas card in the United States. Starting in 1875, it was very different from Cole and Horsley’s design as it didn’t contain a Christmas image.
Prang’s card was a painting of a flower and simply read “Merry Christmas”. This was a more subtle approach that defined the first generation of American Christmas cards. It also made it easier for mass-producing cards, allowing more people to buy them.
The Card as We Know it
It wasn’t until the early 20th century that we started to see cards as we know them – with a fold down the middle and an envelope. The Hall Brothers – later Hallmark – created the folded card based on frustrations with the choices available at the time.
They discovered that people didn’t have enough room to write everything they wanted to say on a postcard-type message. The new “book” format – which remains the standard – was handy if you didn’t want to write an entire letter. They also introduced cards shelves that we know today as opposed to cards being kept in draws.
Birth of e-Christmas Cards
While digital ecards have been around since 1996, the explosion of web and smartphone technology means that they are now more widely used and available in an array of different formats, from simple postcards to flash animation and video.
The sending of paper – or analogue – cards has been in decline thanks to the rise of social media and ease of which people can contact each other. Facebook, Snapchat, Whatsapp, emails – they can all take the place of a traditional Christmas card.