Originally posted by Alliance
do you wanna cite that?
I will respond to this because I believe citation to be important, and then if someone starts a thread as Ushgarak suggested PM me and I may join that discussion. I will respect the Moderator though, and not post off topic material following this post.
I will add the citations that I feel are pertinent. If you need more I can look up some.
Originally posted by Regret
Morality -A capacity to
1) distinguish right from wrong
2) act on this distinction, and
3) experience pride in virtuous conduct and guilt or shame over acts that violate one's standards
Quinn, R.A., Houts, A.C., & Graesser, A.C. (1994). Naturalistic conceptions of morality: A question-answering approach. Journal of Personality, 62, 260-267.
Shaffer, D.R. (1994). Do naturalistic conceptions of morality provide any [novel] answers? Journal of Personality, 62, 263-268.
Originally posted by Regret
Supported psychoanalytic thoughts. Current theories state that conscience may begin in toddlers if they have warm and responsive parents. This occurs through committed compliance. Where a child will has high motivation to comply with the parent's wishes, is sensitive to whether the parent gives some body language type signal that they have done right or wrong, and internalize those reactions as pride, shame, guilt to help them evaluate and control their own behavior.
Emde, R.N., Biringer, Z., Clyman, R.B., & Oppenheim, D. (1991). The moral self of infancy: Affective core and procedural knowledge. Developmental Review, 11, 251-270.
Kochanska, G. (1997). Mutuallyresponsive orientation between mothers and their young children: Implications for early socialization. CHild Development, 68, 94-112.
Kochanska's article in Developmental Psychology from the same year is also an interesting read.
Labile, D.J., & Thompson, R.A. (2000). Mother-child discourse, attachment security,shared positive affect, and early conscience development. Child Development, 71, 1424-1440.
Originally posted by Regret
Cognitive-Developmental theories state that morality is learned. Initially a child follows no rules. Eventually rules are absolute as a child comes into contact with rules set up by authorities (parents, police, etc.) Finally, children learn that rules are flexible depending on the situation. Kohlberg expanded on this, but the theory follows a similar course that is more complex. Learning Theory says morality is learned by contact with the consequences of actions.
Piaget, J. (1926). The language and thought of the child. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
Piaget, J. (1950). The psychology of intelligerice. San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Piaget, J. (1951). Play dreams, and imitation in childhood. New York: Norton.
Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in chil_dren. New York: International Universities Press.
Piaget, J. (1954). The construction of reality in the child. New York: Basic Books.
Piaget, J. (1960). Psychology of intelligence. Paterson, NJ: Littlefield, Adams.
Piaget, J. (1965). The moral judgment of the child. New York: Free Press. (Original work pub_lished 1932.)
Piaget, J. (1970a, May). A conversation with Jean Piaget. Psychology Today pp.25-32.
Piaget, J. (1970b). Piaget's theory. In P H. Mussen (Ed.), Carmichael's manual of child psy_chology (Vol.1). New York: Wiley.
Piaget, J. (1971). Science of education and the psy_chology of the child. New York: Viking Press.
Piaget, J. (1972). Intellectual evolution from adolescence to adulthood. Human Development; 15, 1-12.
Piaget, J. (1976). To understand is to invent: The future of education. New York: Penguin.
Piaget J. (1977). The role of action in the devel_opment of thinking. In W. F. Overton & J. M. Gallagher (Eds.), Knowledge and development (Vol.1). New York: Plenum.
Piaget, J., & Inhelder, B. (1969). The psychology of the child. New York: Basic Books.
If you would like Kohlberg's stuff let me know, but it is mainly just evolving to a better model of moral development, and does not really add to the idea that morality and conscience are somehow "built-in".
As for learning theory, we just believe that everything is as my sig states. There is no need for further reference into behavioral work. Behavior says everything is due to the consequences of prior behavior, with very few, if any, genetic predispositions built into humans. Morality is one that would not be "built-in" in the majority of behavior analyst's opinions.
Originally posted by Regret
Morality has been shown a number of times to be controlled by the upbringing of a child. Poor upbringing results in a poor level of moral maturity. Good upbringing results in a good level of moral maturity.
Hoffman, M.L. (1970). Moral development. In P.H. Mussen (Ed.) Carmichael's manual of child psychology (Vol. 2). New York: Wiley.
Originally posted by Regret
Psychology today does believe that experience and learning plays the major role in morality and conscience development. It is a fact. There is little support there for the idea that they are inborn into a person. There may be something there, but without the proper raising there is no reason to believe that such a child would grow to have a conscience or a moral structure as we view morality.
This is my statement based on my education and the above information.
Originally posted by Regret
Issues with children having grown in the wild. During one of my psychology courses we discussed Victor of Aveyron, the professor was a developmental psychologist of fairly strong reputation, he mentioned that the documentation is fairly decent and that it is probable that Victor really did exist.Also someone mentioned the girl being raised in a solitary cell. Her father was the only one to enter the room, and only to give her food, she was bound to a chair. He only grunted and gestured at her, no language was presented to her. She was unable to learn language at a decent level after she was discovered. I am unable to remember the exact references for this, but she does exist. I do not recall any studies with her outside of language. They did not want her to be just a subject to be poked and prodded.
I am sorry, I can't remember the name of the girl, if I could I would have an easy time getting the references for her. I will try to remember her name, if I come up with the references I will get them to you. As for Victor, we never went into the references, and I am unsure as to where to find them, I would suggest looking him up by name and going from there.