Gamma radiation is just as much apart of earth's weather as wind and rain. 😐
"Lightning not only zaps the Earth, but it affects our local space environment with flashes from both ends of the electromagnetic spectrum - radio waves and gamma rays, new research shows.
"We see lightning in the visible, but that's not the only frequency that is emitted during a strike," said James Green from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
It has been know for a long time that radio waves accompany lightning - this is why radio reception can be so bad during a thunderstorm.
Green and his colleagues found that some of these radio waves travel into space and clear out a "safe zone" for satellites in between the radiation belts. These belts, which are shaped like donuts around the Earth's equator, consist of high-energy charged particles - ions and electrons - that travel along our planet's magnetic field lines.
Green described how lightning sweeps up our space neighborhood in a NASA teleconference Tuesday. Also presented was recent work by David Smith of the University of California, Santa Cruz, on terrestrial gamma-ray flashes that shoot into space during a lighting strike. These TGFs may inject high-energy electrons into the belts.
"We're finding that lightning is tied in multiple ways to the radiation belts," Smith said.
Two belts and a leaky bucket
The radiation belts were discovered in 1958 by James Van Allen, using the Explorer probes. Above the equator, the inner belt extends from an altitude of 400 miles (650 kilometers) out to about 4,000 miles. The outer belt spans from 8,000 miles to about 40,000 miles. They're like nested donuts, with a slot, or safe zone, between.
Since the belts' discovery, scientists have pondered two questions: what makes them and why are there two?
The first question has been known for some time. The high-energy particles in the belts come partly from cosmic rays that collide with the upper atmosphere, causing a splash of secondary particles. The other dominant source is geomagnetic storminess that boils off the Sun.
These storms can pour so many particles into the magnetosphere that the slot will fill up and the two belts will become one, researchers learned recently.
This is where the effect of the lightning comes in. Radio waves from high-latitude strikes - like in Europe and North America - can travel into the slot and interact with the particles, altering their direction toward Earth.
"We have found that lightning drives particles into the atmosphere," Green said. "The particles literally rain down."
Green called the slot a "leaky bucket," which empties itself of high-energy particles within a few weeks after a geo-magnetic storm.
The research has importance for engineers determining where to position satellites.
"The multi-billion-dollar Global Positioning System satellites skirt the edge of the safe zone," said Green, who is the lead author of the paper about the research published in the Journal of Geophysical Research. "Without the cleansing effect from lightning, there would be just one big radiation belt, with no easily accessible place to put satellites."
Gamma rays may refill bucket
These space-clearing radio waves have kilometer-long wavelengths. In 1994, gamma rays - with wavelengths a trillionth that of the radio - were found to be associated with lightning. According to Smith, many mysteries still surround these millisecond flashes of gamma rays, the highest-energy radiation there is.
Using data from the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager satellite, Smith and colleagues have found that about 50 TGFs go off each day. But if the flashes are narrowly beamed -- so that only those heading toward the detector are noted -- then the true rate may be 500 to 5,000 per day.
Researchers are interested in determining whether TGFs are related to other upper atmosphere lightning phenomena, like blue jets and sprites. This could tell them what happens to the high-energy electrons that are believed to be the cause of the gamma rays.
If TGFs are generated at the top of a cloud, like a blue jet, the electrons will be absorbed in the atmosphere. But if the TGFs originate 30 miles up, like sprites do, then the electrons will feed into the radiation belts."
Here a hint of what Storm might be like if she fully tapped her magical potential.
Storm’s magic, like that of most true magicians, would be derived from three major sources: personal powers of the soul, mind, and body, derived through developing one's own psychic resources (mesmerism, astral projection, thought-casting, etc.); powers gained by tapping this universe's ambient magical energy and employing it for specific effects (teleportation, illusion-casting, energy projection, etc.); and finally, powers gained through the tapping of extra-dimensional energy by invoking entities or objects of power existing in mystical dimensions tangential to her own. The latter means of power usually functions through the recitations of spells, either ritualized ones found in various mystical texts or by original spells invoking extra-dimensional assistance. Storm could also use a number of occult power objects in performing certain magical feats.
To begin with her personal powers, Storm could astral project, the mental ability to separate the astral self-the sheath of the soul, or life essence-from her physical self, and in this form traverse space unbounded by physical laws but fully retaining human consciousness. The astral form is invisible, intangible, and incapable of being harmed except by the most rigorous of mystical means. The astral form only possesses those magical powers residing in the sorcerer's mind (thought-casting, psycho kinesis, etc.) although it can also project bolts of mystical force that are effective only against other astral beings. If she mastered her astral form she could remain separated form her body for up to 24 hours before her physical form would begin to undergo corporeal deterioration. Storm physical form would be quite vulnerable to attack when her astral form was absent. While Storm's astral form was absent, her physical form remained in a deathlike trance. If Storm's physical form had been killed while she was in her astral form, she would be stranded in her wraithlike state.
Storm could mesmerize people to do her bidding, both in person and at a distance. Storm could cast her thoughts over short or vast distances in a manner virtually identical with telepathy. The entire Earth would be within the range of the Storm's mind, providing she knew where to contact the specific mind she was seeking. Storm could simultaneously mentally communicate with up to a dozen minds at one time.
Storm could to tap this universe's store of ambient magical energy mentally and to manipulate it mentally for a variety of effects. Storm could form and hurl magical energy bolts with a high degree of potency and control. She could erect mystical energy shields or screens with a high degree of imperviousness to both physical and magical damage. She could use local magical energy for the conjuration of small physical objects or for unusual luminescent effects. Storm could also transform one object into another, although the transformation only lasted for as long as she willed it.
Storm would be able to utilize magical energy to teleport herself across the face of the Earth or into a mystical dimension (certain higher dimensions where the physical laws can be based more on magic than on scientific principles in numerous cases). Oddly enough, teleportation within a dimension is more taxing than teleportation between dimensions. Such expenditure of energy leaves all human sorcerers mystically debilitated for varying lengths of time. Physical teleportation across time rather than space is the most power-draining means of teleportation.
Given Storm’s knowledge level she could call upon a host of sorcerous spells and incantations invoking the names and aspects of various extra-dimensional objects and beings of power. Storm could call upon these extra-dimensional sources of mystical power for very specific effects without taxing her own personal abilities. Some of these extra dimensional phenomena included the Flames of the Faltine, the Shades of the Seraphim, and the Hoary Hosts of Hoggoth.
Why does storm have two respect threads? And alot of the information in this one was just taken from the other one...
http://www.killermovies.com/forums/418015_1-storm-respect-thread
Originally posted by Creshosk
Why does storm have two respect threads? And alot of the information in this one was just taken from the other one...http://www.killermovies.com/forums/418015_1-storm-respect-thread
This one is a consolidated version of the other one. It's more neat.
Originally posted by 2damnloud
Here a hint of what Storm might be like if she fully tapped her magical potential.Storm’s magic, like that of most true magicians, would be derived from three major sources: personal powers of the soul, mind, and body, derived through developing one's own psychic resources (mesmerism, astral projection, thought-casting, etc.); powers gained by tapping this universe's ambient magical energy and employing it for specific effects (teleportation, illusion-casting, energy projection, etc.); and finally, powers gained through the tapping of extra-dimensional energy by invoking entities or objects of power existing in mystical dimensions tangential to her own. The latter means of power usually functions through the recitations of spells, either ritualized ones found in various mystical texts or by original spells invoking extra-dimensional assistance. Storm could also use a number of occult power objects in performing certain magical feats.
To begin with her personal powers, Storm could astral project, the mental ability to separate the astral self-the sheath of the soul, or life essence-from her physical self, and in this form traverse space unbounded by physical laws but fully retaining human consciousness. The astral form is invisible, intangible, and incapable of being harmed except by the most rigorous of mystical means. The astral form only possesses those magical powers residing in the sorcerer's mind (thought-casting, psycho kinesis, etc.) although it can also project bolts of mystical force that are effective only against other astral beings. If she mastered her astral form she could remain separated form her body for up to 24 hours before her physical form would begin to undergo corporeal deterioration. Storm physical form would be quite vulnerable to attack when her astral form was absent. While Storm's astral form was absent, her physical form remained in a deathlike trance. If Storm's physical form had been killed while she was in her astral form, she would be stranded in her wraithlike state.
Storm could mesmerize people to do her bidding, both in person and at a distance. Storm could cast her thoughts over short or vast distances in a manner virtually identical with telepathy. The entire Earth would be within the range of the Storm's mind, providing she knew where to contact the specific mind she was seeking. Storm could simultaneously mentally communicate with up to a dozen minds at one time.
Storm could to tap this universe's store of ambient magical energy mentally and to manipulate it mentally for a variety of effects. Storm could form and hurl magical energy bolts with a high degree of potency and control. She could erect mystical energy shields or screens with a high degree of imperviousness to both physical and magical damage. She could use local magical energy for the conjuration of small physical objects or for unusual luminescent effects. Storm could also transform one object into another, although the transformation only lasted for as long as she willed it.
Storm would be able to utilize magical energy to teleport herself across the face of the Earth or into a mystical dimension (certain higher dimensions where the physical laws can be based more on magic than on scientific principles in numerous cases). Oddly enough, teleportation within a dimension is more taxing than teleportation between dimensions. Such expenditure of energy leaves all human sorcerers mystically debilitated for varying lengths of time. Physical teleportation across time rather than space is the most power-draining means of teleportation.
Given Storm’s knowledge level she could call upon a host of sorcerous spells and incantations invoking the names and aspects of various extra-dimensional objects and beings of power. Storm could call upon these extra-dimensional sources of mystical power for very specific effects without taxing her own personal abilities. Some of these extra dimensional phenomena included the Flames of the Faltine, the Shades of the Seraphim, and the Hoary Hosts of Hoggoth.
Which comic is that info from? 🤨
Originally posted by DarkCrawlerThat's taken from an The Ancient One" Bio.. with "Ancient one" replaced by Storm.
Which comic is that info from? 🤨
This is the kind of shit I'm talking about.
Taken from here
