What Each of the Allies' Intelligence Says About the Syrian Chemical AttacksThe British say that there have been 14 Syrian chemical attacks since 2012 and that the last, the most horrific, killed “at least 350” Syrian civilians. The Americans count fewer attacks, but put a stunningly higher, quite precise number on the casualties: 1,429.
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All [agencies] come to the same bottom line: all the attacks involved sarin gas, only the Assad government had control over the chemical agents, and, whether they were premeditated or the result of “sloppiness,” as one senior American official put it, the results were devastating.
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[The] very public way that the Americans, French, British and Israelis have felt it necessary to publish their evidence — even where it differs — underscores the huge post-Iraq sensitivities involved in justifying the need for new military involvement in the Mideast. And until the most recent gas attack in Syria, reliable assessments of the use of chemical weapons proved particularly difficult.
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[A] look at the intelligence judgment made public by the United States, Britain, France and Israel suggests that the United States was reluctant — and slow — to conclude that small-scale chemical weapon attacks began in Syria last year. And even today, Washington cannot agree with its allies on exactly how those attacks began.
The Israelis were the first to press the case, declaring in an April 23 presentation at a security conference that it had clear evidence that Syrian forces had used chemical weapons on a small scale. But no sooner had a senior official of Israel’s military intelligence unit laid out his case than Secretary of State John Kerry, seeing the reports, called Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, apparently out of concern that such a declaration would force Obama’s hand. Kerry told reporters that the Israeli leader “was not in a position to confirm” the intelligence assessment. American officials said later they had concerns about the chain of custody on hair, blood and urine samples from some of those attacks, and feared the evidence might have been tinkered with by the opposition.
Now the British say that in their judgment, the Syrian government “used lethal C.W. on 14 occasions from 2012,” adding that “this judgment was made with the highest possible level of certainty following an exhaustive review.” They added, “A clear pattern of regime use has therefore been established.”
While the United States eventually came to a similar conclusion, it was with only a moderate level of confidence —meaning that some of the nation’s 16 intelligence agencies disagreed. Those internal debates were not resolved until the Aug. 21 attack, on which all the agencies agreed.
It is the French who have been the most specific. They argued in their Monday assessment that the Aug. 21 attack involved “massive use of chemical agents” against civilian populations in several suburbs of Damascus. It was followed by “significant ground and aerial strikes” with conventional munitions that were aimed at the “destruction of evidence” in those areas.
The French also warned that “our services possess information, from a national source, that leave one to think that other actions of this nature could again be conducted.”
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American officials admit they were caught off guard by a string of smaller attacks starting in March, with no established way of gathering evidence of chemical weapons use.
But in the Aug. 21 attack, there were so many dead and so much forensic evidence that only Russia has argued that it was the rebels themselves who launched the attack — and they have offered no details to back that claim.
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[The] French have offered a detailed accounting [of Syria's chemical weapon stockpile, among the largest in the world], including “several hundreds of tons of sulfur mustard” and “tens of tons of VX,” among the most toxic chemical agents. The French also speak of “several hundreds of tons of sarin,” and in the closed-door sessions U.S. intelligence officials tell lawmakers they believe that the Syrian forces are using sarin exclusively in their attacks.
Unit 450, the secretive Syrian air force organization that controls the country’s chemical weapon stockpiles, is a highly vetted outfit that is deemed one of the most loyal to the Assad government[.]
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According to a French intelligence assessment of Syria’s chemical weapons program, Unit 450 “is in charge of the filling of chemical ammunitions, as well as the security of chemical sites and stockpiles.” The Israelis bombed missiles in a convoy just outside one of the center’s crucial sites in January.
Only Assad and senior members of his Alawite clan are authorized to employ the deadly arsenal[.]
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But no one can agree on a motive for Assad in the Aug. 21 attack. Some American officials believe that the intent was to continue low-level chemical attacks that would prove hard for the West to prove, and the American assessment said “regime officials were witting of and directed the attack.” The British are more circumspect: “There is no obvious political or military trigger for regime use of C.W. on an apparently larger scale now.”
- It seems claims of rebels using chemical weapons were created by the American government as a way to delay or avoid military action
- America has 16 intelligence agencies?
- It appears the only argument left suggesting the Syrian military didn't use CW is to say "why would they?"