The difference between Liberals and Conservatives
I think evolutionary modernity gives a very succinct explanation of the difference between the Left and the Right.
You can go down the list of issues, and in virtually all of them we can see the conservative position more closely falling in line with what our evolutionary instincts would want us to do, while the liberal position is often based on some sort of academic or philosophical argument. The latter rarely would've been optimal for producing offspring in a hunter-gatherer society, while the former often mocks "intellectuals" and academia. This distinction is pronounced with social issues; I'm not sure if it exists with fiscal ones.
A few examples:
- immigration. Our tribalistic instincts tend to favor people who exist within our "tribe"; the idea that we should go out and help people from other countries, especially ones that don't look like us, is a rather novel concept.
- traditional values. This one's obvious.
- animal rights. This one's obvious.
- gay marriage. Hunter gatherers wouldn't get much benefit from violating ingrained social institutions or doing something that risks sexual disease and doesn't help produce offspring, so it's not within evolution to stick up for a small minority of people who do something "icky" and against social norms. There's no rational basis for opposing it, but that's a separate question.
- anti-intellectualism. Reading books and studying papers wouldn't make much sense several thousand years ago in the Sahara, so we see lots of denigration of "academics" among conservatives, because academia's arguments are often very abstract and disconnected from intuition.
A big component of this difference may be culture; another may be temperament, .i.e. how much conformity you are inclined to. Intelligence may also play a role; while there's a lot of overlap here, liberals do average noticeably higher IQ's than conservatives*.
In either case, I think this, along with the expanding moral circle, does a great job of explaining the difference. I suspect that the intellectual rigor of the replies will reveal a similar pattern as well. Thoughts?
* Sources:
http://reason.com/archives/2014/06/13/are-conservatives-dumber-than-liberals (makes a case for libertarians being even smarter, although that's a different discussion)
http://theconversation.com/do-smart-people-tend-to-be-more-liberal-yes-but-it-doesnt-mean-all-conservatives-are-stupid-57713 Which does point out the fact that this is a generalization
http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/02/26/liberals.atheists.sex.intelligence/
etc. (this is a pretty well-replicated finding)