Let me get this straight: you don't even understand the concepts behind evolution, yet you say from your own God-given righteous know-it-all stance that it doesn't hold?
Mutation
mutation, in biology, a sudden, random change in a gene, or unit of hereditary material, that can alter an inheritable characteristic. Most mutations are not beneficial, since any change in the delicate balance of an organism having a high level of adaptation to its environment tends to be disruptive. As the environment changes, however, mutations can prove advantageous and thus contribute to evolutionary change in the species. In higher animals and many higher plants a mutation may be transmitted to future generations only if it occurs in germ, or sex cell, tissue; somatic, or body cell, mutations cannot be inherited except in plants that propagate asexually (see reproduction). Sometimes the word mutation is used broadly to include variations resulting from aberrations of chromosomes; in chromosomal mutations the number of chromosomes may be altered, or segments of chromosomes may be lost or rearranged. Changes within single genes, called point mutations, are actual chemical changes to the structure of the constituent DNA.Point Mutations
Each gene is made up of a long sequence of substances called nucleotides; these nucleotides, taken in series of three at a time, specify each amino acid subunit of a protein (see nucleic acid). In a frameshift mutation, a nucleotide is added or deleted to the sequence and the decoding of the entire gene sequence will be radically altered and the amino acid sequence of the protein produced will also be very different. Often the resulting protein is totally ineffective. If one nucleotide substitutes for another in the sequence only one amino acid of the protein will be different, but the effect can be quite dramatic. For example, the inherited sickle cell disease is the result of a mutation that results in the substitution of the amino acid valine for glutamic acid in hemoglobin.
Because proteins called enzymes control most cell activities, a mutation affecting an enzyme can result in alteration of other cell components. A single gene mutation may have many effects if the enzyme it controls is involved in several metabolic processes. Occasionally a mutation can be offset by either another mutation on the same gene or on another gene that suppresses the effect of the first. Certain genes are responsible for producing enzymes that can repair some mutations. While this process is not fully understood, it is believed that if these genes themselves mutate, the result can be a higher mutation rate of all genes in an organism.
Induced Mutations
Mutations may be induced by exposure to ultraviolet rays and alpha, beta, gamma, and X radiation, by extreme changes in temperature, and by certain mutagenic chemicals such as nitrous acid, nitrogen mustard, and chemical substitutes for portions of the nucleotide subunits of genes. H. J. Muller, an American geneticist, pioneered in inducing mutations by X-ray radiation (using the fruit fly, Drosophila) and developed a method of detecting mutations that are lethal.
Mutation and Evolution
In 1901 the observation of mutants, or sports, among evening primrose plants led the Dutch botanist Hugo de Vries to present his theory that new characteristics may appear suddenly and that these characteristics are inheritable; before this time the sources of evolutionary variation were not known and some still believed that evolution resulted from a gradual selection of favorable acquired characteristics. The work of de Vries and of subsequent investigators who demonstrated the distinction between mutation and environmental variations has shown the importance of mutation in the mechanism of evolution.
Bibliography.
See W. Gottschalk and G. Wolff, Induced Mutations in Plant Breeding (1983); G. Obe, Mutations in Man (1984).
If that doesn't answer your questions, you obviously aren't capable of understanding the concepts, and there's no point in trying to dissuade you from being anti-evolution. And really, why should we do all the homework for you? You have a computer and a working brain. Well, at least the former.
Originally posted by Shakyamunison
So, if I tell you the sky is blue and you have a rebuttal, then the sky is not blue? Do you think too highly about your own opinion?
You don't get it, in science opinions don't matter it's facts that hold up
Fact: There has never been a mutation that has introduce new traits to the gene-pool
Opinion: They do over time.
See my point When I say "no it's not" I'm quoting a fact.
Originally posted by Blue nocturne
You don't get it, in science opinions don't matter it's facts that hold upFact: There has never been a mutation that has introduce new traits to the gene-pool
Opinion: They do over time.
See my point When I say "no it's not" I'm quoting a fact.
I gave you one and you just ignored it.
Originally posted by Blue nocturne
You don't get it, in science opinions don't matter it's facts that hold upFact: There has never been a mutation that has introduce new traits to the gene-pool
Opinion: They do over time.
See my point When I see no it's not I'm quoting a fact.
Fact: You don't know wtf you're talking about.
Opinion: You should stfu and research random mutation before you say it doesn't "hold up".
Originally posted by Wesker
Mutation and Evolution
In 1901 the observation of mutants, or sports, among evening primrose plants led the Dutch botanist Hugo de Vries to present his theory that new characteristics may appear suddenly and that these characteristics are inheritable; before this time the sources of evolutionary variation were not known and some still believed that evolution resulted from a gradual selection of favorable acquired characteristics. The work of de Vries and of subsequent investigators who demonstrated the distinction between mutation and environmental variations has shown the importance of mutation in the mechanism of evolution.Bibliography.
See W. Gottschalk and G. Wolff, Induced Mutations in Plant Breeding (1983); G. Obe, Mutations in Man (1984).If that doesn't answer your questions, you obviously aren't capable of understanding the concepts, and there's no point in trying to dissuade you from being anti-evolution. And really, why should we do all the homework for you? You have a computer and a working brain. Well, at least the former. [/B]
I read the whole thing but I quoted this part for a reason, notice that Hugo "Theorized" that new traits can be added to the gene pool he never said it's a fact, many experiments have tried to prove mutations add new traits but so far nothing has been proven, evolutionist have no proof it does they simply believe it does.
Originally posted by Blue nocturne
I read the whole thing but I quoted this part for a reason, notice that Hugo "Theorized" that new traits can be added to the gene pool he never said it's a fact, many experiments have tried to prove mutations add new traits but so far nothing has been proven, evolutionist have no proof it does they simply believe it does.
Genetic engineering is now a fact, but this is in the works. I fail to see how you can equate that with "not holding up." Besides, let me ask you this: what to you plan to gain by disproving portions of evolution? Does this suddenly mean that God did it?
Originally posted by Wesker
Genetic engineering is now a fact, but this is in the works. I fail to see how you can equate that with "not holding up." Besides, let me ask you this: what to you plan to gain by disproving portions of evolution? Does this suddenly mean that God did it?
What does genetic engineering have to do with random mutations, mutations do not add traits to the gene pool what part of that is difficult for you to get, I'm not trying to gain anything I'm proving a point.
Originally posted by Blue nocturne
What does genetic engineering have to do with random mutations, mutations do not add traits to the gene pool what part of that is difficult for you to get, I'm not trying to gain anything I'm proving a point.
Ah, the point was that genetic engineering was in the testing phase for a long time, and it is not fact. Same thing with random mutation. Unless you have clear and present evidence that random mutation does NOT occur, I don't see where you have a case.
And please, don't talk down to me. You don't know shit.
Originally posted by Wesker
Ah, the point was that genetic engineering was in the testing phase for a long time, and it is not fact. Same thing with random mutation. Unless you have clear and present evidence that random mutation does NOT occur, I don't see where you have a case.And please, don't talk down to me. You don't know shit.
I'm not talking down to you, I haven't even insulted you unlike you did to me and fruit fly experiments which evolutionist use in there the debate has been a failure.