We have never seen any evidence anywhere that you can just 'feel the force' in someone. Vader feels Kenobi's mind because he has felt it so often before but feels nothing from Luke at the time, despite his potential; Qui-Gon guesses it in Anakin from his actions and reactions (and that he feels the Force brought him there for a reason).
It's not what Vader meant. He meant the guy was skilled/lucky. "May the Force be with you," people say in Star Wars- meaning, good luck! If the Force is 'with you', you do really well! Not necessarily a comment on someone's Jedi powers.
And the whole point is that it is what you and I would call luck- he calls it the will of the Force. They replace luck with the vagueries of the Force.
I am certain- Vader would have sounded a LOT more surprised than he was if he thought a Jedi potential was in that ship.
Listen to his tone of voice! It's not "Bloody hell, a new Jedi!" The tone is "Hmm, this one is proving a bit tricky..."