I refer to my own religious stories and characters as "Mythologies." That is the technically accurate term for it. The Greek Pantheon? Mythologies. Christian Godhead? Mythologies. A Pagan views Christian religious beliefs as mythologies.But they are all mythologies.
Mythology:
"a body of myths, as that of a particular people or that relating to a particular person..."
To answer the thread topic with some Mormonism (because I honestly believe Mormons have just a tad bit extra on the Gospel to make much of this weird stuff make sense), Adam and Eve were naive, not dumb. Adam and Eve had intelligence and wisdom but lacked a great deal of knowledge since they were isolated from human culture. Also, God didn't send Satan. God banished him from heaven after his rebellion. He was banned to this plane of existence. Also, Adam and Eve existed at the same time as the rest of humanity and the story of their creation is 100% allegory and 100% not factual. You don't find this out in Mormonism until you go to the temple and do the crazy Mormon temple stuff. It is subtle but if you pay attention in the temple ceremonies, you'll see that Satan had been around doing his thing in the universe, on other worlds, for billions of years prior to earth. And humanity exited outside of Adam and Eve's little marriage in the Garden, as well.
Adam was not exempt from jack diddly or squat, as the OP implies. Adam made an informed decision to partake of the fruit.
Adam had 2 choices and both choices would result in him breaking God's commandments:
1. Obey the commandment to love Eve and "cleave unto her" and also have children.
2. Obey the commandment to not eat the forbidden fruit.
If he did 1, that means he would have to violate 2 (he would have to violate 2 in order to change his body to have children). If he did 2, that means he would violate 1 because he would lose Eve and wouldn't be able to stick to her.
And why was this obvious "doomed to fail" scenario setup? Because of the whole Free-Will thing God had going on. God wanted humanity to choose Him of its own free-will; not be forced to have to obey him. So He setup a scenario that he knew Satan would play into and that He knew Adam and Eve would fail. The kicker is, Adam and Eve both knew this scenario would be setup because, in Mormonism, we were all given callings to hold in the mortal plane and theirs was one of setting up humanity to experience mortality.
Eve was tempted because she wanted to do better for Adam and humanity. As we like to describe it in Mormonism, Eve knew that she had to eat the fruit in order to bare children. So she had a decision: remain in heavenly limbo indefinitely or get the Plan of Salvation started. Based on the very true temptations that Satan used to trick Eve (that she would gain the Knowledge of God), Eve made the choice to transgress God's commandment and partake of the fruit.
What we do not know is how long Satan tempted Eve. It could have been for centuries before she finally gave in. We also know Adam and Eve did not have the same bodies we did (allegorical, maybe) so their cognition may not be the same as ours. What we do know is both Adam and Eve chose to transgress God's commandments.
To put it more succinctly, here was Eve's conundrum:
1. Love Adam and multiply (have children).
2. Do not eat the forbidden fruit.
As we can see, Eve took the plunge. Some disparage Eve for this and make sexist statements that this is the bane of having women in our lives. In Mormonism, she is seen as, perhaps, the more righteous of the couple because she recognized the need to get the ball rolling.
So while Satan did what he was supposed to, as God predicted, so did Adam and Eve. Transgressing the Law was always the point of their stay in the Garden of Eden. They were never intended to stay there, indefinitely.
Some Mormons, including myself, speculate that God's spiritual reign on earth did not fully begin until Adam and Eve were kicked out of the Garden of Eden which was around 4000 B.C.E.
Some Mormons, but not myself, think the Adam and Eve were in the Garden of Eden since the Earth was formed over 4.5 billion years ago and that it took that long for Satan to tempt them to get the fruit. This interpretation means evolution still took place until modern humans evolved (because our mythology hints that humans existed outside of the Garden of Eden), this implies to these supporters that Eve made the choice when she thought the outside world was ready for them to face the consequences of their fruit eating actions.
As far as I believe, I don't know how much of the story is allegory and how much is real. Not even in Mormonism is it seen as important. But there was some Man, perhaps Hebrew, that was Adam and his wife Eve. Different names, most likely, but the story is about them. Adam, in Mormon mythology, is Michael the Archangel. He is a higher ranking angel than Lucifer before he fell. He was directly outside the Godhead (meaning, he was as close as possible to being Godlike without actually getting that title, officially) and, in Mormonism, he helped create the universe with Jehovah (Jesus Christ). So, this implies the Adam created the universe with Jehovah, knowing full well that he would have to go through the Garden of Eden trial and disobey God. I can speculate that he could not be part of the Godhead because he had to have imperfections enough to make the whole plan work (meaning, he would have to be able to break the Law).